【作者】 秦丽萍；

【导师】 金社林；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 植物病理学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 采用室内苗期接种小麦条锈菌的方法，研究了4个慢锈小麦品种和2个快锈小麦品种受条锈菌侵染后，一些生理生化指标的变化。结果表明：供试各小麦品种健叶的叶绿素含量（a+b）之间和叶绿素a/b之间均差别小；在受条锈菌侵染后，其叶绿素含量（a+b）和chla/b较未接种对照均明显下降，随病程加深，叶绿素含量也逐渐降低。慢锈小麦品种的叶绿素含量下降幅度较小，快锈品种下降幅度较大。慢锈和快锈小麦品种在同一发病阶段，叶绿素a/b值差异不大，即叶绿素a/b的大小不是慢锈小麦品种的特点。用LI-6200型光合系统仪对苗期小麦的发病叶和健叶进行了光合作用和蒸腾作用测定。结果表明，接种后不同时期6个小麦品种的净光合速率（Pn）都明显升高，高于未接种的对照小麦；接种品种的气孔导度（Gs）在花斑期小于不接种品种的气孔导度，但在产孢初期和产孢盛期，接种品种的气孔导度大于不接种品种的气孔导度，并且快锈品种接种叶的气孔导度大于慢锈品种接种叶气孔导度；在整个发病时期，接种叶的蒸腾速率(Tn)大于健叶，快锈品种的蒸腾速率大于慢锈品种的蒸腾速率。建议将气孔导度和蒸腾速率作为区别快锈与慢锈品种的指标。对6个供试小麦品种在不同发病时期POD、PPO活性和同工酶进行测定的结果为：未接种小麦条锈菌的不同小麦品种POD、PPO活性差异不大；接种后，不同小麦品种叶片中POD、PPO活性均高于未接种对照，慢锈小麦PPO、POD活性增幅大于快锈小麦；快锈小麦品种POD活性变化一直趋于平缓，而慢锈小麦品种总体上POD活性都有不同程度的大幅升高和降低；慢锈小麦品种POD出现酶活高峰的时间早于快锈小麦品种，慢锈小麦品种在侵入期(接种后4-9天)达到了酶活高峰，而快锈小麦品种在发病盛期(接种后20天)达到酶活高峰。PPO活性表现相反，慢锈小麦品种出现酶活高峰的时间迟于快锈小麦品种，快锈小麦品种PPO活性在侵入前期(接种后第2天)达到酶活最高峰，而慢锈品种在侵入期(接种后第4天)PPO活性达到最高。慢锈与快锈品种POD、PPO同工酶的变化为：侵入期,慢锈小麦品种POD同工酶酶谱从酶带数目和酶带活性两方面都强于快锈小麦品种；产孢初期,慢锈品种同工酶活性也强于快锈品种；产孢盛期,快锈小麦品种同工酶活性强于慢锈品种,酶带数目也多于慢锈品种。对不同的小麦品种，不管是健叶还是接种叶，PPO同工酶酶谱都没有实质性的差别。更多还原

【Abstract】 Abstract:It is an importance to study some physiological and biochemical criteria of different resistant wheat varieties.The seedling of Four slow stripe rusting wheat varieties, Xiannong 4, Liboliula, Pingyuan 50, Wudubaijian,er, and the seedling of two fast-rusting wheat varieties, Mingxian 169, Ganmai 8, all of them susceptible to Puccinia striiformis f.sp tritici(wheat stripe rust), were grown in the greenhouse. They were inoculated with wheat yellow rust at the first-leaf stage. The uninoculated plants were used as control. The first leaves were taken for physiological analysis from period of chlorosis, period of uredium emergeing widely,period of sporulation flourishing and biochemical analysis from the second day after inoculation to twentith day.The results showed that there were no difference in the content of Chlorophyll (a+b) and Chlorophylla/b in the healthy wheats. Between slow-rusting and fast-rusting varieties, the content of Chlorophyll (a+b) and Chlorophylla/b deduced after inoculation. But the content of Chlorophyll (a+b) were higher in the slow-rusting varieties, the Chlorophylla/b changed similarly in the slow-rusting and fast-rusting varieties,that is to say, the Chlorophylla/b was not characteristics of slow rusting.Photosynthesis and transpiration of diseased leaves and check leaves were measured with LI-6200 Photosynthetic System. The results showed that the data of photosynthesis and code in the period of chlorosis in the inoculated varieties higher than in the check, the cond in period of uredium emergeing widely,period of sporulation flourishing after inoculation were higher than uninoculated varieties,and its of fast-rusting varieties was higher than that of slow rusting. The respitation of different varieties after inoculation was higher than that of uninoculated ones, but transpiration of fast-rusting varieties was higher than that of slow rusting. The cond and transpiration may be the best method to differentiate the slow-rusting from susceptible varieties. The results the variation of some biochemical criteria as follows: There were not obvious difference the activity of POD (Peroxidase) and PPO(Polyphenol Oxidase) in control of different varieties. But the activity of POD and PPO in the inoculated varieties <WP=52>was higher than that of control. In the same time, the activity of POD in the fast rusting varied steadly and slowly, however in the slow rusting ones, the activity of POD varied remarkably, that have significantly increased and deduced. And after inoculation the activity of POD reached a peak value in 4th-9th day in the slow rusting ones, while in the fast rusting varieties, it reached a peak value in 20th day. In the contrary, PPO activity reached a peak value on 4th day in the slow rusting ones, and in the fast rusting ones on 2nd day.The number of PPO isoenzyme bands was same in all varieties. But POD isoenzyme bands were more in the slow rusting inoculated ones than in the control, in the fast rusting ones, it were less than in the control in many parts of time in 2nd-20th day. In 2nd-6th day after inoculation,the POD isoenzyme bands were one to two more in the slow rusting ones than in the fast rusting ones; In 9th day, they were similar in all varieties；In 15th day , the changes were similar to 2nd-6th day；In 20th day, they were less in the slow-rusting ones than in the fast-rusting varieties, the color of bands got deeper.更多还原