【作者】 魏龙；

【导师】 孙吉雄； 刘荣堂；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 草业科学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 试验通过对夏末秋初播种的高羊茅草皮和早熟禾黑麦草混播草皮中对草皮出圃时质量有重要影响的草皮盖度变化、成坪时间、草皮强度、草皮层根量比例变化的测定结果分析表明： 1．兰州地区夏末秋初土壤栽培生产高羊茅草皮，成坪时间在44-58天之间，在播量25g/m2与播量40g/m2之间成坪时间随播量增加而缩短，最多缩短14天；成坪以后在播量25g/m2与40g/m2之间，草皮强度随播量的增加有显著提高，但播量40g/m2与55g/m2之间平均成坪时间和草皮强度无显著差异；随着培育时间的增加，地下0-5cm草皮层根系占0-25cm根系量的比例各播量都有降低，但是随播量的减少地下0-5cm草皮层根系占0-25cm根系量的比例有所上升。因此在实际高羊茅草皮生产中，为了加快成坪时间，可以适当提高播量，但不宜高于40g/m2，过高播量草皮强度没有显著提高，草皮层根系量占总根系量的比例下降，起铲时根系积累量的浪费比例增加，而且在草皮生产中增加了种子成本。在基质培育高羊茅草皮试验中25g/m2低播量时成坪时间44天，此时强度较高，已经形成可出圃草毯，随着培育时间延长，由于根系完全在培育基质层交织，草皮强度增加极快，但基质培育草皮无法在与土壤隔离条件下越冬。高羊茅加网草皮与同播量土壤不加网比较，显著提高了草皮起铲时的抗拉强度，有利于草皮成卷过程中保持草皮卷的完整性，在提高播量至40g/m2时能有效缩短草皮的出圃时间10天。2．夏末秋初早熟禾黑麦草混播草皮在试验设计比例下，成坪时间在37-51天之间，在播量15g/m2与播量25g/m2之间成坪时间随播量增加而缩短，最多缩短14天，成坪以后草皮强度随播量的增加有显著提高；随着培育时间的增加，草皮强度增加极显著；随着培育时间的增加，35g/m2高播量地下0-5cm草皮层根系占0-25cm根系量的比例下降，在25g/m2至15g/m2播量之间随播量的减少地下0-5cm草皮层根系占0-25cm根系量的比例有所上升。在实际生产中过高播量使草皮层根系量占地下生物量积累的比例降低，根系积累量的浪费比例在草皮起铲时增加，为了达到草皮出圃强度要求，应延长培育时间，而不宜以提高播量来增加草皮强度。基质培育早熟禾黑麦草混播草皮在试验中15g/m2低播量时成坪时间44天，<WP=6>此时强度较高，已经形成可出圃草毯，随着培育时间延长，由于根系完全在培育基质层交织，草皮强度增加极快，但在隔离层上培育无法越冬。早熟禾黑麦草混播加网草皮与同播量土壤不加网比较，显著提高了草皮起铲时的抗拉强度，有利于草皮起铲、成卷、运输和铺植过程中保持不被撕裂，在提高播量至25g/m2时能有效缩短草皮的出圃时间10天以上。3．传统土壤栽培生产草皮时，为了保证草皮成坪后出圃时有足够强度保持草皮完整起铲成卷，必须带走2-4cm厚的耕地表土层，加网草皮加网成本0.3元/m2，加网后对植物生长无显著影响，在减小草皮厚度时完全可以满足草皮起铲成卷强度要求，能保证草皮层一定根系量的范围内，减少草皮起铲带走表层土壤对耕地表层土壤结构和肥力的破坏，加网草皮起铲厚度每减少1mm，草皮生产每一周期内每公顷可减少带走表土10m3，可见加网草皮生产对草皮出圃时保证草皮有足够抗拉强度以保持完整成卷效果显著，在减小草皮起铲厚度时，对宝贵的土地资源的保护效果极为显著，且同时减轻了单位面积草皮卷的体积和重量，在草皮卷成卷运输、铺植过程中能显著减少人力物力成本。4．蛭石培育草皮在试验中同土壤栽培加入草坪坪床改良剂及统一施肥条件供水条件下，草坪草生长在生产周期内生长势优于土壤栽培，无缺素症状，但无法越冬。5．兰州夏末秋初草皮生产于8月中下旬播种，高羊茅草皮和早熟禾黑麦草混播草皮成坪出圃时间在2个月之内，次年草皮返青后草皮强度显著提高。更多还原

【Abstract】 From analysising the test result of the changes of coverage, lawn establishing time, sod strength and root ratio of sod layer by sowing seed of Tall Fescue and mixed seed of Kentucky Bluegrass and Perennial Ryegrass in late summer , the result indicate that:1. The days of lawn establishing time by sowing seed of Tall Fescue in late summer are between 44-58ds. The days of lawn establishing time can be reduced by increasing the seed rate from 25g/m2 to 40g/m2 and the most reducing time is 14ds. After lawn established, the sod strength is enhanced with the increasing of seed rate from 25g/m2 to 40g/m2, but there is no significant difference in sod strength between seed rate 40g/m2 and 55g/m2. With the prolonging the time of cultivating, the ratio of root weights between 0-5cm and 0-25cm layer decrease, but the ratio of the lower seed rate is higher than the higher seed rate. So in the practice, the seed rate can be increased to reduce lawn establishing time but shouldn’t be over 40g/m2. The higher seed rate can’t increase the sod strength significantly, but it can decrease the ratio of root weights between 0-5cm and 0-25cm layer and also increase the cost.The days of lawn establishing time are 44ds when Tall Fescue is cultivated in non-soil material. And this time, the sod strength is higher and the sod carpet can be rolled easily. But the sod can’t live through the winter because the root is separated from soil.The sod strength of net-adding sod of Tall Fescue is notably higher than non-net sod. Net can help keeping integrality of sod. The days of the sod-can-be-scooped-up can be reduced about 10ds when adding net at 40 g/m2 seed rate.2. The days of lawn establishing time by sowing mixted Kentucky Bluegrass and Perennial Ryegrass in late summer are between 37-51ds. The days of lawn establishing time can be reduced by increasing the seed rate from 15g/m2 to 25g/m2 and the most reducing time is 14ds. With the prolonging the time of cultivating after <WP=8>lawn established, the sod strength is enhanced notably but the ratio of root weights between 0-5cm and 0-25cm layer of 35g/m2 seed rate decreases, while the ratio of the other seed rate increase. So in the practice, in order to attain the strength the sod can be scooped up integrallty, we can prolong the time of cultivating but not of increasing seed rate. The days of lawn establishing time are 44ds when mixed sowing Kentucky Bluegrass and Perennial Ryegrass is cultivated in non-soil material. And at this time, the sod strength is higher enough and the sod carpet can be rolled. But the sod can’t live through the winter because the root is separated from soil.The strength of net-adding sod of mixed sowing Kentucky Bluegrass and Perennial Ryegrass is notably higher than non-net sod. Net can help keeping integrality when scooping up and transporting and replanting the sod. The days of the sod-can-be-scooped-up can be reduced about 10ds when adding net at 25g/m2 seed rate.3. In order to attain enough strength when scooping up sod in traditional soil cultivating, 2-4cm surface soil must be take away with the sod. Add net when sowing, the cost is only 0.3yuan￥and it didn’t influence the growth of grass. Reduce the depth when scooping up the sod, net-adding sod have enough sod strength. At the tolerance of root amount of grass regeneration when the sod is replanting, it can reduce soil losing significantly. If decrease 1mm thickness of the sod, it can save 10m3/ha soil at each production period.4. When the sod is cultivated in vermiculite, the plant grows better than cultivating in soil but can’t live through the winter.5. Sowing in late August to product sod in Lanzhou area, Tall Fescue sod and mixted sowing Kentucky Bluegrass and Perennial Ryegrass sod both can be scooped up and sold in 2 months, while the sod strength can increase significantly if scooping up next spring.更多还原