电驱动钻机扭矩测量及其蕴涵工程信息分析

【作者】 李娟；

【导师】 何道清； 付建红；

【作者基本信息】 西南石油学院 ， 测试计量技术及仪器， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 钻柱振动现象在钻井施工中是非常突出和明显的现象。国内外对钻柱振动现象的特征、规律、钻柱系统的特性的研究已经有三十多年的历史。了解钻柱振动的特征、发生条件，从而避免由于剧烈振动而造成的对钻头和钻柱寿命的损害，保证优质、安全地完成钻井施工，是研究钻柱振动的目的。 在钻井过程中，扭转振动作为较典型的钻柱振动方式，占全部钻柱振动异常情况的90％以上，是实时录井过程中需要重点关注的现象，也是研究钻柱振动不可缺少的环节。它是判断井下钻具运转状态、钻头磨损情况、地层岩性、可钻性是否发生变化、定向斜井中狗腿角是否超标等情况的重要依据。对井场扭矩进行监测和分析，不仅可以监控钻井工况，及时发现险情，而且，利用现代数字信号处理理论，计算机技术，传感器技术等对扭矩信号进行时域、频域等分析，用于提取钻柱振动的特征信息和状态变化的情况。 根据电驱动钻机扭矩的特点，论文主要研究以下几方面： 1) 设计了电驱动钻机扭矩的测量方案。 2) 根据现代检测理论，选择合适的传感器，使扭矩参数的测量准确、可靠、快速，更好地满足工程测试的要求。 3) 以可视化软件Borland C++ Builder(BCB)作为本测量系统的软件开发平台，实现了在线测量。整个测量软件人机界面良好，操作方便、简单、实用。 4) 以BCB为基本的开发平台，结合并利用MATLAB强大的数字信号处理工具箱，开发出两套扭矩信号测量、分析软件。一套能在脱离MATLAB运行环境下独立完成测量和分析功能，但在分析功能中不包含小波分析模块；另一套必须在有MATLAB运行环境的支持下完成测量和分析的功能，但在该套软件中包含小波分析模块。 5) 扭矩信号经过处理后，从时域、频域及小波分析三方面提出了钻柱振动状态变化的识别方法。这些方法包括：自相关分析；互相关分析；自功率谱分析；互功率谱分析；倒频谱分析：相位谱分析；幅值谱分析；小波分析。这些方法的综合应用能够提取钻柱振动的特征信息和状态变化的情况，更好地将扭矩信号中反映钻柱振动状态的特征突出出来。 总之，在钻井过程中，该扭矩测量和其工程信息分析系统，为了解钻柱振动提供了有效的分析手段，对钻井故障诊断提供了有价值的参考。同时也为下一步全方面钻柱振动分析，智能钻杆的研究打下良好基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is a very obvious phenomenon of the drill string vibrating in the drilling. Some domestic and international researchers have studied character, rule and the systems characteristic of drill string vibrating for thirty years. Understanding the characteristic and creating condition of drill string vibrating can avoid reducing life of drill bit and drill string, so we can high quality and safely complete drill working.In the course of drilling, torque as the typical vibration way can show more than 90% of unusual situation. This should be paid more attention to during studying string vibrating and recording drilling. We judges the status of the drilling tool running in the well, worn of aiguille’s situation, stratum rock quality, and whether dog-leg corners exceeding standard at directional drilling etc through it. Monitoring and analyzing the torque not only can control the operating mode of drilling, find the dangerous situation in time, but also, on the foundation of digital signal processing, computer control technology and sensor technology can deal with signal in time field, frequency and wavelet transform, then we can get the character information and status changing of the drill string by these methods.The paper has finished the following research mainly:1) Design the measurement scheme that the electricity drove the systematic torsion of well drilling.2) Using Borland C++ Builder as its developing platform to implement on-line measurement. The man-machine interface of the whole testing software is pleasant. It is able to be operated conveniently and easily.3) According to modern detection theory, select appropriate sensors and make the testing of each parameter more accuracy, reliable, fast and satisfy the requirement of design task finally.4) Using BCB as the base of developing platform, Combine and utilize the strong digital signal processing toolbox of MATLAB, then develop signal measurement of two sets of torsion analysis of software. One can finish measurement and analysis function independently by in breaking away from MATLAB running environment, but not including the wavelet transform function in module of analysis function; The other set must finish measurement and analysis function under having support of MATLAB running environment, but including the wavelet transform module in this set of software. So under the user’s demands even more, decide to install by oneself5) After single of drill string vibration was been transacted, this paper presents recognizing method that vibration state change of drill string from time field, frequency and wavelet transform. These methods are following: own correlation analysis; mutual correlation analysis; own power chart analysis; mutual power chart analysis; reciprocal frequency chart analysis; phases chart analysis and wavelet transform. The character information of drill string vibration can been gotten by colligation using these methods, and can preferably wipe off molestation single.In a word, in the course of well drilling, the system for torsion measurement and analyzing, offer effective analysis means and valuable reference by inspecting vibration, at the same time, it is good foundation for researching drill string vibration and intelligent drill at next step.更多还原