粘土/丁苯橡胶纳米复合材料的制备和性能及机理研究

【作者】 王益庆；

【导师】 张立群；

【作者基本信息】 北京化工大学 ， 材料加工工程， 2000， 硕士

【摘要】 纳米复合材料(nanocomposite)是指分散相尺寸至少有一维小于100nm数量级的复合材料。分散相以纳米级尺寸分散在聚合物基质中，便构成了聚合物基纳米复合材料。本课题以粘土为纳米级分散相材料，提出了新型的纳米化(纳米复合)技术来获取粘土／丁苯橡胶纳米复合材料，在此基础上，重点探讨复合材料的纳米复合机理和增强机理。 用X-光衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等测试手段考察了乳液共混共凝法制备的粘土／丁苯橡胶复合材料，结果表明该材料为纳米复合材料。 通过对粘土的种类、粘土水悬浮液的分散水种类、粘土的钠化处理、粘土水悬浮液的浓度、粘土悬浮液的沉降时间、胶乳的稳定性、混合搅拌的时间、助絮凝剂的用量、絮凝剂的种类等因素的考察，粘土／丁苯橡胶纳米复合材料的制备工艺得以优化。在此基础上，用TEM和XRD等微观测试手段，对粘土／丁苯橡胶纳米复合材料的制备机理进行了详细研究，包括粘土在水中的分散状态、粘土与胶乳的隔离状态、共絮凝状态等。并建立了粘土和丁苯橡胶乳液共混共凝模型，对制备过程中的各项因素进行了理论分析。 对比了粘土／丁苯橡胶纳米复合材料与传统橡胶填充补强剂填充胶料的力学性能。考察了不同丁苯吡橡胶用量的粘土／丁苯橡胶纳米复合材料的应力．应变力学行为。并用剪切应力传递的增强机理模型解释了粘土／丁苯橡胶纳米复合材料的应力-应变曲线随丁苯吡橡胶用量增加而变陡的现象。 对粘土／丁苯橡胶纳米复合材料的制备工业化进行了论证，并对工业化中存在的四个主要问题提出了解决方案。 考察了粘土／丁苯橡胶的气密性，并与其它各种填充补强剂填充胶料的气密性进行了比较，提出了对粘土、炭黑以及其它橡胶填充补强剂均大致适用的橡胶气密性模型。 比较了粘土／丁苯橡胶纳米复合材料与天然胶内胎和丁基胶内胎的气密性。以40份粘土填充丁苯橡胶纳米复合材料为基体，进行了成品内胎挤出实验。更多还原

【Abstract】 The composite where at least a single dimension size of dispersion phase is less than l00nm is defined as nanocomposite. When material is dispersed as nanometer scale into polymer, the nanocomposite based on the polymer is prepared. In this paper, a novel nanocompounding technique based on clay was put forward. Taking advantage of this technique, Clay/Butadiene Styrene Rubber (SBR) nanocomposite was prepared. Then, the mechanisms of compounding and reinforcing of nanocomposite were studied. .In the paper, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to investigate the morphology of composite gotten by emulsion blending and coagulating. The clay/SBR composite was proved to be nanocomposite.Various factors on the nanocompounding technique were studied in detail such as the kind of clay, the type of water used to prepare clay/water sliquoid , the pretreatment of clay by Na2CO3, the concentration of clay/water sliquoid, the sedimentation time of the clay/water sliquoid, the stability character of latex, the mixing time of clay /latex system, the amount of flocculant aid and the type of flocculant. Based on the above study, TEM and XRD were used to explore the mechanism of the preparation of nanocomposite which includes dispersing situation of clay in water, the inter-isolating state between clay layers and latex particles, and the morphology of clay/SBR composite after coagulating. The model describing blending-coagulating process of nanocompounding technique was put forward. This model could be used to explain the influences of all the factors on the preparation technique.The mechanical properties of Clay/SBR nanocomposite were compared with those of SBR which was filled with traditional fillers. The strain-stress character of clay/SBR nanocomposite with different amount of butadienestyrenevinyl pyridine rubber was studied. The shear model was used to explain the strain-stress curve.At the same time, the industrialization of preparation of Clay/SBR nanocomposite was discussed. The settlements of the four main problems of industrialization were given.The permeability of Clay/SBR nanocomposite was studied and was compared with that of SBR filled with other kinds of fillers. Based on these results, a model describing permeability of rubber/filler system was put forward.In this paper, the permeability of clay/SBR nanocomposite was compared with that of vulcanized inner tubes made by natural rubber and butyl rubber. Finally, an industrial extruding experiment of tube made by clay/SBR nanocomposite in which the amount of clay is 40 Phr was performed in the factory.更多还原