【作者】 王振祥；

【导师】 汪家权； 潘天声；

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 环境工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 安徽省沿淮地区农业人口多，水旱灾害频繁，水体污染严重，生态环境极度恶劣，经济落后，已影响到淮河流域的可持续发展。以前的工作主要着重于淮河流域水污染的研究，一些学者也从多方面对淮河流域的水质、生态系统、生态经济等各方面进行研究，但针对沿淮地区的自然、经济、社会和环境状况的综合研究较少，尤其是对沿淮地区的生态安全评估研究。本文进行的安徽沿淮地区生态安全评估和生态建设对策研究是基于安徽省科协的科研课题《安徽省沿淮地区经济社会可持续发展战略研究》，结合生态省、市、县建设的指标体系，运用生态系统工程和循环经济的理论，根据压力—状态—响应模型建立了一套适宜的生态安全评估体系，合理的选择各指标参数值及采用德尔菲法确定并修正各项指标权重，分别采用内插法及指数增长法等对安徽沿淮地区生态安全状况各项指标、各子系统及整个沿淮地区进行了评估，分析了安徽沿淮地区生态环境存在主要问题，并提出了缓解、控制、解决环境污染和生态破坏的生态安全对策和政策措施建议及加强沿淮地区环境保护和生态建设战略设想。 本论文生态安全评估特点是：①针对性，针对安徽沿淮地区的社会经济及生态环境特点建立；②动态性，在对各个单项指标独立分析指标特性的基础上，分别建立相应函数关系式进行生态安全度评估；③真实性，本指标体系建立的基础是安徽沿淮地区各相关部门提供的基础资料，确保了数据来源真实性；④客观性，为客观反映该区域的生态安全状况，对部分指标采取了指数增长的方式进行生态安全度评估。 本文的研究结果表明：该区域生态安全状况总体较差，指标体系中各子系统生态安全度由高到低依次为环境质量、环境响应、社会经济和环境压力，各子系统对综合生态安全度贡献值由高到低依次为环境质量、社会经济、环境压力和环境响应。该区域生态环境存在问题主要表现为：①农业面源污染严重；②地表水环境污染是安徽沿淮地区生态安全的主要威胁之一，其中氨氮超标严重；③环境污染治理投入及管理力度不够，有待加强。 因此，为实现该区域的可持续发展，该区域的生态恢复和产业结构调整刻不容缓，同时本研究还提出了加强沿淮地区环境保护和生态建设的战略设想建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Anhui Provincial Huai River Coastwise Area has affected sustainable development of Huai River Basin, because of its serious water pollution, bad ecology environment, and underdeveloped economy. Many studies have been with an eye to water pollution of Huai River basin. Some scholars have studied in quality of water, ecosystem and ecological economy etc, but few have been studied in evaluation ecological security. So based on Strategy Research of Economy and Social Sustainable Development of Anhui Provincial Huai River Coastwise Area by Anhui Provincial Science Association, the paper constituted evaluation index system and evaluated ecological security states of the area with interpolation method and exponential growth method, according to PSR (Pressure State Response) and index system of ecologic environment of Anhui ecological province, city and town. The paper analyzed principal ecology environment problems and put forward some political measures and strategy suggestions of environmental protection and ecology construction for the area.Features about ecological security evaluation of this research are as follows: (1) Pertinence, specially aiming at social economic and ecology environmental features of the area. (2)Character of dynamic, on the foundation of analyze index character separately, set corresponding functional relation for assessment of ecology safety, which would avoid adopting homogeneous functional relation. (3) Authenticity, datum used in this research are proved by relative departments of the area along Huai River in Anhui, authenticity of these datum could be ensured. (4) Objectivity, to express ecological security status objectively, exponential growth for some of these indexes has been used too.The research results of paper indicated: general ecological security state of the area is bad. Main environmental problem are agricutral pollution, surface water body pollution and deficient investment of environmental treatment.For sustained development of the area, industrial structure adjustment and ecological recovery are ergent. And the paper put forward some political measures and strategy suggestion for environmental protection and ecology ’construction of the area.更多还原