【作者】 葛长海；

【导师】 万海清；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 化学工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 对日益增多的城市垃圾,目前国内主要采用卫生填埋,其直接后果是产生大量有毒有害的有机废水—垃圾渗沥液,该废水用于烟气脱硫后即变成含有硫酸盐的有机废水,用硫酸盐还原菌处理,虽然会有效降低硫酸盐的浓度,但是又会产生大量的硫化氢,造成二次污染,仍然无法直接排放。为了达到真正的以污治污,本课题通过分离硫氧化光合细菌的方法,对硫氧化光合细菌的分离纯化,生物学特性,以及处理垃圾渗沥液烟气脱硫尾液硫化物的生物转化能力进行了详尽的研究,得到了以下结论:从城市河流滞水区域中分离筛选出了一株PSB,其菌体形态呈杆状,有的略有弯曲,大小1.0～1.0×2.0μm。染色特性为革兰氏染色阴性、未观察到芽孢、无鞭毛,细胞以二分分裂方式繁殖。该PSB属于中温菌,严格厌氧,最适生长温度为30℃;在pH6.0～9.0的范围内都能生长;其最适pH为8.0,最佳光照条件为1500lux,叶绿素a是其主要光合色素,在黑暗情况下分离菌不能生长。鉴定为着色菌属内的最小着色菌(Chromatium minutissimum)。所得PSB在氧化硫化物过程中,可以利用乳酸、柠檬酸和碳酸氢钠,但不能利用乙酸、乙醇、甲酸及葡萄糖。在氮源的利用上,分离菌能很好的利用氨盐,但不能利用NO2—,NO3—及脲。通过逐步提高分离菌周围生长环境硫化物的浓度,以提高分离菌对硫化物的适应能力,通过实验,分离菌以可以适应周围环境硫化物浓度高达1000mg/l,并且生长良好。分离菌对周围生长环境的营养要求简单,硫酸盐还原菌处理过后的尾液即可满足分离菌正常生长的营养要求,只需一定的光照条件。 <WP=3>对分离菌与SRB共同处理含高浓度硫酸盐的有机废水的方式进行了探讨,通过试验对比,PSB与SRB分别单独处理虽然会增加相应的投资成本,但是综合考虑到治污效果,还是要优于两种细菌混合处理的。本研究分离得到了对垃圾渗沥液烟气脱硫尾液中的硫化物具有较强氧化能力的硫氧化光合细菌,利用分离菌与硫酸盐还原菌配合处理城市垃圾渗沥液,得到了较好的结果,实现了将两类污染物(烟气,垃圾渗沥液)在同一套工艺中进行互补生物处理,在产生社会效益的同时又具有一定的经济效益,体现“以废治废”的环境生物工程新概念。更多还原

【Abstract】 The mission for controlling the pollution of “coal smoke type” in our country is urgent because the economy loss resulting from SO2 and acid rain amounts to thousand hundred million yuan every year; on the other hand, the plentiful household garbage is treated by filling into the grand, therefore it produces substantive poisonous and harmful organic waste water—landfill leachate. So how to handle, convert and make use of the landfill leachate becomes a new focus in the field of environmental protection. In order to treat both of the waste water and waste gas mentioned above, we base the study on reciprocal systems of flue gas wet desulfurization and microbial transformation of sulfur with landfill leachate. The paper focused on the selection and growth characteristic study of sulfate-oxidizing photosynthetic bacteria. Some conclusions were listed as follows:A strain of sulfate-oxidizing photosynthetic bacteria was isolated from city back-water. The cells are thin rod shape with the size of 1.0～1.0×2.0μm . They are flagella and non-spore-forming. The cells strain Gram-negative.The separate bacteria belongs to the middle bacteria. The optimum temperature of the strain(PSB) is 30 ℃ ,the pH range 6.0 ～ 9.0, the optimum pH is 8.0, and it is strictly anaerobic, and the optimum sunlight is 1500lux , and chlorophyll a is the main photosynthesis pigment. It is considered to be Chromatium minutissimum. <WP=5>When oxidizing sulfide ,the strain can use lactic acid , citric acid and sodium bicarbonate , but it can not utilize acetic acid , ethanol and glucose and when utilizing the source of nitrogen , the separate bacteria can fully utilizing NH4+ ,but it can utilize NO2—,NO3— and carbamide .Through increasing the environment concentration of sulfide step by step around the strain, in order to increase the adapt ability to sulfide, the bacteria can grow well in 1000mg/l concentration of sulfide .The separate bacteria has no much request to nutrition. If provided sunlight, the strain can grow well in the waste which is dealed with first by SRB.Through discussed the mode to treat waste-water included high concentration of sulfate organic by the strain and SRB .it is know that PSB and SRB treat together is better than treat singly, although it will increase corresponding investment cost.The paper try to provide a new idea to handle the environment problem: make the two pollutants (flow gas and landfill leachate) cooperate each other in the same engineering flow, and produce both social and economic benefit, therefore it represents a new concept of environmental and chemical engineering: treat the waste with waste. At the same time, the studying results provide a good basis for the further relating research in the reciprocal system.更多还原