【作者】 刘丽娟；

【导师】 李嘉；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 水力学及河流动力学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 我国许多河流通航不仅受到洪、枯季水位变化的影响,还受到其它因素的影响,尤其是河道上修建水电站。由于电站的调节作用,将对下游航运产生极大的影响。在航道的整治设计中,对水面线的研究一直是一个重要课题。在以往的实践中多采用恒定流水面线计算方法,非恒定流水面线计算应用较少。因此,研究电站非恒定流对下游航道的影响,对确保航行安全,避免水运事故发生,具有重要的实用价值;同时还为山区航道整治的理论研究提供新的技术支撑。本文结合黄河四龙至龙湾段航道整治工程,采用文献总结、理论分析和数值模拟相结合的研究方法,对电站非恒定流对下游航道影响范围和程度进行了较为系统、深入的分析研究。首先建立了以Preissmann隐式差分法为基础的适用于长河段、长时段非恒定流计算的一维非恒定流数学模型,将此模型应用于黄河四龙至龙湾河段的非恒定流过程复演计算。由数值模拟计算水位同实测水位相比较,其水位峰值和波形基本吻合,可见该数学模型能正确反映长河段非恒定流的传播过程。为研究电站非恒定流对下游航道的影响奠定数学模型基础。然后采用上述数学模型对黄河四龙至龙湾河段的电站非恒定流进行计算分析,研究四种不同入流边界情况下沿程非恒定流在航道中的变化规律,为下游航道通航的研究提供了基础。最后在研究黄河大峡电站下游四龙至龙湾河段的非恒定流的基础上,将电站非恒定流研究进行推广,深入分析日调节电站非恒定流对下游航道的影响范围、程度及防护措施等。本文所作的工作作为电站非恒定流对下游航道影响的尝试和探索,对于该<WP=4>领域的研究工作具有一定的借鉴意义,也为以后更复杂的电站非恒定流问题的进一步深入研究起到基础性作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Many navigable channels in our country are affected not only the mutation of water level of flood and dry weather, but also other factors. For example, the hydroelectric power station in upstream. Because of the regulation of hydroelectric power station, there are infinite influences on navigation in downstream. The study of hydraulic grade line is an important project in navigation engineering. We mostly adopted the measure of steady flow and rarely adopted the unsteady one in the past. It is of great importance for Numerical Simulation Study of influences of hydroelectric power station’s unsteady flow on navigation in downstream. It not only insure the safety of navigation and avoid the accident of water carriage, but also afford new technical support for theory study in channel improvement. The text link the navigation improvement porject of the Yellow River —from Si Long to Long Wan. Adopted the research methods of references summarization, theoretical analysis and numerical modeling, systematical study the influences of hydroelectric power station on navigation in downstream.The model adapting to one-dimensional unsteady flow of long river and long time is founded, which based on the Preissmann implicit identifier method, applying the model to the unsteady process of the Yellow River —from Si Long to Long Wan. The calculated water level approximately tallied with the recorded one. So the model can accurately reflect the unsteady flow and establish foundation for Numerical Simulation of influences of hydroelectric power station’s unsteady flow on navigation in downstream Adopted the one-dimensional unsteady flow model in the project, the variational rules of four different inflow instances on navigation in downstream are <WP=6>studied, those can provide the study of navigable channels with base data.Based on the study of the unsteady flow of the Yellow River —from Si Long to Long Wan, extending the study of unsteady flow of hydroelectric power station and analyzing in-depth influences of daily regulation of hydroelectric power station’s unsteady flow on navigation in downstream.The research of the influences of hydroelectric power station’s unsteady flow on navigation in downstream is just a primary try and exploration, affording use for reference and influencing the further research about these.更多还原