【作者】 刘继平；

【导师】 王庸贵；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以计量系统精度的提高为主线，以机电一体化的观点对烟丝自动计量系统进行叙述，从该系统的整体结构构思、称重计量的精度分析、系统的电气设计、系统的机械设计、系统的抗干扰设计等几个方面论述了基于集散控制系统(DCS)的高精度烟丝自动计量系统的研究与设计。 高精度烟丝自动计量系统是卷烟工艺过程控制、质量控制与成本控制的关键环节之一，同时也是实现生产过程自动化、企业管理科学化、安全稳定生产和节能降耗的重要技术手段。高精度烟丝自动计量系统在卷烟生产中的应用不仅可以提高烟支质量和产量，也大大减轻了岗位工人的劳动强度，提高了生产效率。因此，该系统具有较好的适用性及扩展性。 本文所述高精度烟丝自动计量系统在现有各种计量系统的基础上，根据传感器技术、微处理器技术、网络技术、通信技术的发展情况，采用了微机烟丝计量集散控制方式，它是由一台主机和多台从机通过网络联结起来，主机不参与对各对象的直接控制，而是将控制任务交给各个从机完成。即每台卷烟机台组可视为一个独立的生产单元，用单片机就地对一卷烟机台组实施测量与控制，若干台控制器(从机)经数字通信接口联网，并且与工业控制计算机(主机)相连，从而组成集散式烟丝自动计量系统。实现了数据管理与过程控制分离技术，同时计量系统整体故障风险分散，可靠性提高。四川大学硕士学位论文 论文论述了如何建立烟丝计量系统的数学模型，并分析了影响称重计量精度的各种因素，提出从控制算法和计量秤两个方面解决计量误差的措施。本文在比较多种控制方法的基础上，将动态计量转换为微观的静态计量，借用流体控制理论，采用自适应的控制算法解决“落料误差”，减小计量系统的动态误差;以及从计量秤的角度提出了从计量秤的机械构造和电气的硬件、软件上解决称量误差的实用方法。特别是结构设计时兼顾了它的机械结构、形状尺寸、材料性能及受力状况，使机械谐振与控制系统的带宽完全相隔，经过滤波电路将机械谐振产生的干扰信号完全过滤掉，消除了机械谐振对计量精度的影响，突破了常规抗干扰的手段与措施。 整个烟丝自动计量系统分为工业控制计算机(管理级)和计量控制器(控制级)。工业控制计算机采用了ADVANTECH610型计算机;计量控制器采用了单片机系统，MCU采用AT89552单片机，A/D转换器采MAX180，低通滤波器为MAX293，RS232通信接口芯片采用MAX232、75‘74、75‘75，CpU监控电路为“AX705，并使用开关电源供电。彭青度烟丝自动计量系统软件使用汇编和VC6.O编程，本文进行了相关软件的设计，包括数据管理、数据采集、滤波、控制等。本文还对系统所采用一些抗干扰措施进行了论述，包括硬件抗干扰措施和软件抗干扰措施。 关键词:高精度集散控制数学模型机械谐振机构优化自适应控制单片机更多还原

【Abstract】 With the main thread of the systematic precision improving, this paper, in mechatronics view, deals with the research and design of a tobacco automatic measuring system based on DCS from the conceive of the system structure, the analysis of the measuring precision, the design of the electric and machinery and the means of the anti-jamming and so on.The measuring is one of the key step of the process control, quality control and cost control in cigarette manufacturing, when it is the important technological means that realize production process automation, business scientific administration and safe production, and save energy and reduce the cost. The system applied in the production not only can improve cigarette quality and output, but also has lightened workers and improved productivity. So, it should be more practicable and popular.On the basis of the thinking of various kinds of automatic measuring equipment, according to the development of sensor, microprocessor network, communication technology, The system has adopted the distributing control method to measure the tobacco by computer, which is made up of a host computer and many servant microcomputers, host computer gives control task each servant microcomputer. In other words, every servant microcomputer can be regarded as one independent controlunit, transacts measuring and controlling affair on the spot, several servant controllers are networked by the digital communication interface, and link with industrial control computer, thus make up the distributing tobacco measuring system. It realized that data management be separating from process control, at the same time, it is scattered that the whole trouble risk of the measuring system, so its dependability more improves.In the thesis, it is expounded the process of setting up the measuring mathematics model, and the analyse of various kinds of factors which influences measuring precision, and then it is put forward that controlling algorithms and measuring equipment to solve the batching error. On the basis of comparing many kinds of control methods, In the article, it is presented that the microcosmic of dynamic measurement should be changed into the static measurement, using the fluid control theory, the system has adopted the adaptive control algorithm to solve "burden error", which reduces the dynamic error. On the other hand, it is brought forward that some approaches to reduce the error from the machine, electric hardware and software of the equipment. Especially it is considered that its mechanical structure, size of form, material performance and the strength state in the machine designing, which make the mechanical resonance totally separated from the bandwidth of the control system. Namely the jamming signals emerging from mechanical resonance are totally filtered by the wave circuit, the means have dispel the impact of the mechanical resonance, and have broken through routine anti-jamming means and measures.The tobacco measuring system is made of one industrial control computer (management grade) and nine measuring controllers (control grade). The industrial contro’ computer has adopted the ADVANTECH610 product, the measuring controllers have adopted the single-chip microcomputer system, whose MCU is AT89S52, whose A/D converter adopts MAX180, whose low-pass filter is MAX293, whosecommunication interface of RS232 adopts MAX232, 75174, 75175, The Watchdog of the MCU is MAX705 and the system uses the switch power to supply power. The application packages of the system are complied by VC6.0 programming system, and its relevant software packages are designed, including the data management, the data acquisition, the wave-percolation, the control etc. In addition, some methods of anti-jamming that were adopted in this system are also studied, including the methods of hardware anti-jamming and software anti-jamming.更多还原