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医学本科生信息能力评估指标体系的建立与实施方法

Establishment and Application Method of Medical Undergraduate Assessment Indicator System on Information Competence

【作者】 张宁

【导师】 李秉严;

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 , 生物医学工程, 2004, 硕士

【摘要】 现代科学技术向医学领域的广泛渗透和结合,使医学呈现出综合化的趋向,医学更多地与自然科学、工程技术科学、社会科学和人文科学相互交叉融合,成为新的复合性、边缘性、交叉性学科。随着社会信息化进程的加快,信息能力已成为人们必须具备的基本生存技能。 1999年6月9日,国际医学教育专门委员会(Institute for International Medical Education,IIME)成立,其核心委员会制定的本科医学教育“全球医学教育最低基本要求”(以下简称“基本要求”)界定了医学教育的7个领域的60项能力要求。这七个领域是:职业价值、态度、行为和伦理,医学科学基础知识,临床技能,交流沟通技能,群体健康和卫生系统,信息管理,批判性思维和研究。在所制定的所有医生都必须具备的基本能力中,特别强调了信息管理方面的能力。“基本要求”中对医学毕业生信息能力方面的具体要求是:(1) 从不同数据库和数据源中检索、搜集、组织和分析有关卫生和生物医学信息。(2)从临床医学数据库中检索特定病人的信息。(3)运用信息和通讯技术帮助诊断、治疗和预防,以及对健康状况的调查和监控。(4)懂得信息技术的运用及其局限性。(5)保存医疗工作的记录,以便进行分析和改进。(6)懂得从不同信息源获得的信息、在确定疾病的病因、治疗和预防中进行科学思维的重要性和局限性。(7)应用个人判断来分析和评论问题,主动寻求信息而不是等待别人提供信息。(8)根据从不同来源获得的相关信息、,运用科学思维去识别、阐明和解决病人的问题。 尽管世界各国、各地区有不同的社会和文化特征,各自的教学方法和模式有所不同,但能力的要求是一致的,即必须保证毕业生具备“基本要求”所规定的核心能力。我国的高等医学院校肩负着培养和提高医学生信息能力的重任,面临着新的严峻挑战。不仅要进行教学内容、教学方法和手段及课程体系的改革,更迫切需要探讨基于现代信息理念、信息技术和信息规范的教育教学改革。因此,我国的高等医学教育应是符合现代教育理念的全面和谐的通才型教育,培养未来的医务工作者具有更广博的知识,文理兼备,博专结合,能够适应迅速变化的卫生保健环境,有效地进行医疗实践,提高医疗服务质量。仅仅依靠制定“基本要求”并不能改变毕业生的能力,必须把它与医学生的能力评估结合起来。因此,建立科学的医学生信息能力评估指标体系,是培养适应21世纪社会发展需要的具有创新精神和较强信息能力的医学人刁‘的迫切需要。 根据国家的有关文件,以教育目标分类理论为主要理论依据,按照教育评价学、信J自、学、高等医学教育学、医学人才理论的要求,依照方向性、科学性、完备性、可行性及定量与定性相结合的原则,借鉴国内外相关评价研究的部分成果,结合高校医学生信息、能力的实际情况,建立高校医学本科生信息能力评估指标体系的基本框架。在此基础上,采用特尔斐专家咨询法,对专家进行两轮问卷咨询。根据专家咨询结果,经过修改完善,确定了评估指标、标准及其权重,建立了完整的评估指标体系。 在本指标体系中,包含5个一级指标和16个二级指标。5个一级指标分别是:信息意识、信息知识、信J自、获取能力、信息处理能力、信息利用能力。信息意识下设3个二级指标:信息捕获意识、信息应用意识和信息安全意识:信息知识下设2个二级指标:计算机和网络知识、信息检索知识;信息、获取能力下设4个二级指标:确立研究主题、选择信息源和检索系统、制定检索策略和收集表达信息:信息处理能力下设4个二级指标:分析信息、管理信息、评价信息和创新信息;信息利用能力下设3个二级指标:辅助学习、指导医疗实践和信息交流沟通。本指标体系采用四级分等、两极定标的办法,将各级指标划分为A、B、C、D四个等级,对A、C两个等级规定了具体的评估标准,A为优等,C为合格,A级和C级之间为B级,C级以下为D级。 本文在此评估指标体系的基础上提出了具体的实施方法。本研究信息的采集和处理方法主要采用问卷调查、笔试及上机操作考试、作业、观察实际操作、课题设计等;数据处理主要采用模糊综合评判法;评估结果的一致性检验采用肯德尔和谐系数法。 通过本课题的研究,建立了一套科学的、导向明确、简便易行、能够在医学院校应用的学生信息能力评估指标体系。通过评估,把握医学生信息能力水平的现状,不断改进教学方法,提高教学质量,并为提高医学生信息、能力的科学决策提供依据,从而增强医学生获取和利用信息的自觉性和主动性,以适应21世纪社会对高素质医学人才的需要。 本研究对高校医学本科生信息能力的评估进行了探索性的尝试,希望能对今后的医学研究生、非计算机专业本科生及研究生信息能力的评估研究提供参考和借鉴。根据国家对大学生培养目标的要求,结合我国大学生的实际情况,进一步制订出完善的信息素质评估指标体系。关键词信息能力基本要求医学本科生评估指标体系模糊综合评判

【Abstract】 Medical science has become synthetic for infiltration and integration of modern science and technology and medicine widely. Medical science is more and more combining with nature science, engineering technology science, social science and the humanities, it is becoming a branch of complex, marginal, crossing learning. Information competence has been the indispensable ability to live in the world with the increasing information.Institute for International Medical Education(IIME) was founded on June 9,1999. IIME Core Committee defines the "Global Minimum Essential Requirements"(GMER, essential), which defines seven domains such as: professional values, attitudes, behavior and ethics, scientific foundation of medicine, clinical skills, communication skills, population health and systems, management of information, andcritical thinking and research. The competence of information management is specified, whose contents including: (l)search, collect, organize and analyze health and biomedical information from different databases and sources; (2)retrieve patient-specific information from a clinical data system, to integrate clinical and laboratory information and to make clinical decisions on best available evidences; (3)apply information and communication technology to diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive measures, and for surveillance and monitoring health status; (4)understand application and limitations of information technology in the management of human, financial and other resources in health care services; (5)maintain records of own practice for reflective study, analysis and improvement; (6)understand the power and limitation of the scientific method in establishing the causation of diseases; (7)understand factors that influence accuracy and validity of scientific information; (8)acquire and evaluate critically new relevant scientific data and information and organize it into meaningful knowledge required for mindful and reflective practice. Although there are different social and culture characteristics in the world, their teaching method and model differ with each other, the requirement of competence is identical, that is to say, the aim of "essential" is to ensure all the medical students to have the core competence of it. Medical school education in our country is facing with a grim challenge, undertaking to educating and improving information competence of medical students. Not only teaching content and method, curriculum system is reformed, but alsoeducational teaching based on modern information idea, technology and information standard are improved. Our medical education should be comprehensive harmonious all-round personal education with modern educational idea. Future doctors with extensive literature and nature science knowledge should be able to adapt to the conditions of medical practice in a rapidly changing health care environment and improve medical quality. The "essential" alone are not likely to change graduates competencies without being linked to student evaluation., therefore, the tools permitting the assessment of educational outcomes will accompany the document of "global essential requirement". Establishment of scientific Medical Undergraduate Assessment Indicator System on Information Competence is the urgent requirement of educating medical talents with innovation spirit and information competence in 21 century.I establish the basic structure medical undergraduate assessment indicator system on information competence according to documents of our country, educational objective classification. I make use of parts of research achievement at home and abroad and combine the actual situation of medical students. I follow the demand of educational evaluation, informatics, high education science, and medical science of talent in accordance with direction, scientific, complete and feasible character. Based on these, I use Delphi technique to consult for two round with questionnaires. After modifying and improving, I make theindicators, standards and their flexible st

  • 【网络出版投稿人】 四川大学
  • 【网络出版年期】2005年 01期
  • 【分类号】R-4
  • 【被引频次】17
  • 【下载频次】754
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