【作者】 胡波；

【导师】 黄川友；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 水文学及水资源， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 从人类社会的发展史来看,社会的进步总是以环境的重大损失为代价的,特别是18下半叶的工业革命以来,人类对自然环境的掳夺式开发造成的严重后果,到现在已经成为社会进一步发展的巨大阻碍和桎梏。环境的恶化和资源匮乏日益加重已成为我国实施可持续发展战略的制约因素。拉萨市大气环境容量及环境空气质量限期达标方案研究对控制和减轻大气环境污染提供了具体的实施办法,意义重大。根据拉萨市大气环境功能分区和大气环境目标,依据拉萨市区的气象、污染物排放等因素,计算出拉萨市的大气环境容量,并依据《西藏自治区拉萨市区环境空气质量功能区划分技术报告》中的研究成果,进一步实施大气污染物总量控制,要求拉萨市区各划分功能区能够达到国家要求的标准。由于拉萨市地处青藏高原,独特的自然环境、气候条件和社会经济条件决定了拉萨市大气污染现状和其它城市的不同之处。SO2、NO2的大气环境容量较大,能够满足拉萨市大气环境功能区划分的要求,TSP超标现象较为严重。而TSP超标的主要原因不是由于工业废气的排放,而是由于其独特的自然环境和气候条件造成的。所以在本文中我们主要针对大气污染物质中的TSP进行研究,并具体提出了控制方案和措施。为了确保拉萨市大气环境质量在规定期限内达到功能区划分所要求的标准,我们应该控制污染源的排放总量,调控排放布局和方式。一个基本合格的<WP=3>控制方案,为了满足环境管理目标的需要,至少应具备下列四个技术指标:(1)达标方案的设计条件;(2)污染源排放总量与环境目标的输入响应关系;(3)区域允许排污总量负荷分配到源;(4)具体实施方案。根据“大气污染物质自净”规律,污染物质排入大气环境中,在不同的气象条件中有不同的稀释扩散规律,其浓度值逐渐降低,在论文中,我们研究的是在最不利的气象条件下的大气污染物质扩散情况,只要在这种情况下各功能区的污染物浓度值能够满足国家制定的标准,就说明我们制定的方案措施有效可行。为了模拟大气污染物质的扩散情况,我们采用了一定的数学模型来进行描述,根据各控制单元的标准要求,合理选取模型的参数(如气象条件)进行计算,并根据计算的结果制定相应的大气污染防治方案和措施,使拉萨市的环境空气质量能够满足国家环保总局制定的标准。更多还原

【Abstract】 The advancement of human being always costs environment fatal loss. We can see this in the history of development, especially from industrial Revolution of second decade of eighteen century. Now the serious capture result of human exploiture to nature environment turns into hindrance of society development. Environment depravation and resource shortness become limit condition for actualize our country’s continuable developing stratagem. The time limit satisfying project of air environment quality in lhasa city offers material actualizing way for alleviating air environment pollution. It has important meaning.According to air environment function area-dividing of lhasa, air environment goal, climate and pollution emit condition, we calculate air capacity of lhasa. And implement gross control of air pollution based on the study result of air function area-dividing technical report of lhasa. This report require every dividing function area reach nation standard.Lhasa city lies on the Qingzang altiplano which has unique nature environment, climate and social economy. So its air pollution status is different from other city. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide capacity is great and can meet standards of air function area-dividing of lhasa city. But TSP exceeds standards very much. The primary <WP=5>reason is emit of culture exhaust gas and particular nature environment and climate. So in this paper we study TSP of air pollution particle and bring forward control project and measure.We should control emit gross pollution and adjust position and way as to confirm air environment quality of lhasa reaching the standard which is decided by function area_dividing in limited time. A control program which is almost up to grade should at least meet four technical request: (1) design condition of satisfying project; (2) the input-responding relation of pollution fountain and environmental aim; (3) allowed gross pollution let load of region distribute to fountain; (4) material implemental project.Founded on disciplinarian of air pollution self-cleaning, pollution emitd into environment has variable diluting diffusing rule on different weather condition. The chroma value decreases gradually. In this paper the air pollution diffusing condition we studied is on the worst weather condition. If only pollution chroma value of every function area can reach nation criterion on this condition, the programming scheme we made is effective and doable.In order to simulate air pollution material diffusing condition, we choused stated maths model to describe it. Choose reasonable parameter of model (for instance weather condition), according to standard of every control unit. Study out corresponding programming project and prevention and cure measure based on the calculated result. This can make air quality of lhasa meet standard made by nation environmental protection department.更多还原