【作者】 刘燕萍；

【导师】 刘世贵；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 遗传学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 采用玻片浸渍法、浸叶碟法及涂抹法分别测试了紫茎泽兰等几种植物的乙醇提取物对二斑叶螨和柑橘全爪螨的杀螨活性。经回归和相关分析，结果发现处理浓度与作用效果(触杀和拒食)相关性都达到显著水平。相同条件下，DMRT法检验证明，紫茎泽兰提取物对柑橘全爪螨和二斑叶螨的触杀效果最好，在稀释1000倍后，对柑橘全爪螨仍有73.53％毒杀效果，对二斑叶螨也有29.17％的毒杀效果。紫茎泽兰对二斑叶螨的卵具有较好的触杀作用。说明紫茎泽兰有杀螨效果，具有开发为优良的植物源杀螨剂的潜力。 采用索氏提取法对紫茎泽兰杀螨活性物质进行了提取、显色鉴定，用紫外分光光度计进行了測定。结果显示，紫茎泽兰的乙醇提取物的氯仿萃取物得率最高，为38.7％，是石油醚的将近2倍，乙醇的1.5倍。比较三种萃取物的杀螨校正死亡率，我们发现氯仿萃取物的杀螨活性最高，在稀释300倍时仍然有95.1％的校正死亡率。表明，紫茎泽兰的杀螨活性物质多为一些低极性，亲脂性物质，大多存在于氯仿萃取物中。显色反应表明其具有杀螨活性的氯仿萃取物中含有生物碱。并证明紫茎泽兰的杀螨效果随着生物碱含量的提高而提高。按照总生物碱测定方法，测定吸光度，计算出紫茎泽兰提取物总生物碱含量为9.6％。 田间实验结果显示，紫茎泽兰总生物碱2500倍与紫茎泽兰总生物碱5000倍对柑橘全爪螨均具有较好的防治效果，以紫茎泽兰总生物碱2500倍的防治效四川大学硕士学位论文果最好。在相同条件下紫茎泽兰总生物碱2500倍与40%乐果乳油1000倍的防治效果存在显著差异。说明紫茎泽兰具备开发为农药的条件。 采用小鼠急性经口毒性实验、大白兔急性皮肤和眼刺激实验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核计数及小鼠精子畸形实验等方法，对紫茎泽兰杀蜻活性物质进行了急性毒性和遗传毒性实验。结果表明，受试物对两种性别的小鼠急性经口毒性实验，LD*>SO00mg/kg，属微毒级;对皮肤无刺激性;小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核实验及小鼠精子畸形实验结果均为阴性。表明在本实验条件下，紫茎泽兰杀瞒活性物质微毒，未见遗传毒性。本项研究，提供了利用紫茎泽兰开发为植物源农药的生物安全性的实验依据。 关键词:紫茎泽兰:提取物;杀蜗活性:触杀作用;拒食作用;生物碱:测定;紫外分光光度法;田间实验;安全性;急性毒性:遗传毒性更多还原

【Abstract】 Indoors experiments on the contact toxicity and anti-feedant activity of several crude extracts from plant such as Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng, Sophora flavescens Ait., Melia toosendan Sieb. Et Zucc, Derris elliptica and Leonurus heterphyllus sweet to Tetranykhus ucticae Kach and Panoychus cotri, were made. Regression and correlation analysisi results showed that there was a significant or extreme significant correlation between treatment concentrations and the contact tocicity and anti-feedant activity against the two mites. At the same time, the crude extract from Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng possessed the most strong contact toxicity and anti-feedant activity to Tetranykhus ucticae Kach and Panoychus cotri by DMRT, when diluted 1000 time the contact toxicity reached 73.53% to Tetranykhus ucticae Kach, 29.17% to Panoychus cotri, 24 hours after treatment. And the crude extract from Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng posed strong contact toxicity to Tetranykhus egg. The extraction and separation of alkaloids from Eupatouium adenophorum by continuous extraction are described. Then quantity analysis is carried by UV method. Field experiments showed that the extracts from Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng were highly effectly for the control of Panonychus citri. In this paper, the safety of alcoholic Extracts of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng was evaluated. The acute oral toxicity, the acute eye and dermal irritation of toxicity were tested. The result showed that the LD50>5000mg/kg of Extracts of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng for mouse by oral administration. The irritation on eyes and dermal were negative. And there was not significantdifference between the experimental groups and the control group in micronucleus assay and sperm shape abnormality.更多还原