【作者】 王一钧；

【导师】 董国君；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 应用化学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 磁性纳米材料的物理化学特性取决于粒子的形状和尺寸大小。纳米磁性材料广泛应用于磁记录材料、催化材料、磁性液体、吸波材料等，受到人们极大的关注。 本文采用液相还原法制备纳米合金，其原理：使用还原剂，在相同的条件下将两种或两种以上可溶性的金属盐同时还原为金属单质，这样在加入还原剂时，混合均匀的金属盐就被还原成纳米合金。 本文从众多还原剂中选择了硼氢化钾为还原剂，在水溶液中合成出晶须状非晶态的铁镍合金，并对其进行X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、差热、磁性参数测试等，合金是软磁材料，粒径小，比饱和磁化强度大，矫顽力为零，呈现超顺磁状态。随着Fe-Ni比例的增加粒子的粒径逐渐减小，当Fe-Ni的比例减小到0.5左右时平均粒径最小，之后随着Fe-Ni的比例的增加而逐渐增大。各样品磁参数的测量表明，当将Fe-Ni组分归一化时，发现随着Fe／Ni比增加，磁参数增大。本文还在Fe-Ni合成的基础上还在水溶液中合成出了Fe-Co，Co-Ni，Fe-Co-Cu，Fe-Ni-Cu，Co-Ni-Cu，Fe-Co-Ni-Cu合金粉。 本文在水溶液合成的基础上，首次在乙醇-水的混合溶液中合成出晶须状的Fe-Co二元合金，并对其进行X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、差热、磁性参数测试等，Fe-Co合金是软磁材料，粒径小，比饱和磁化强度大，矫顽力为零，呈现超顺磁状态。随着Fe-Co比例的增加粒子的粒径逐渐减小，当Fe-Co的比例增大到1.5左右时平均粒径最小，之后随着Fe-Co的比例的增加而逐渐增大。在乙醇-水体系还合成出了球形Co-Ni-Cu、Fe-Co-Cu合金。 众所周知，铜的导电、导热性能很强，故我们在铁系合金中掺杂了铜，合成出含铜的多元合金铁铜、钴铜、镍铜、铁钴铜、铁镍铜、钴镍铜、铁钴镍铜，以期提高铁系合金的导电、导热性能。对产物进行了X射线衍射、差热、磁性参数的测量。除了铁镍铜、镍铜的晶型完整外，其余的合金都为非晶态。掺杂铜之后合金的比饱和磁化强度下降，但是粒径较小，矫顽力为零，呈现超顺磁状态，是很好的软磁材料。更多还原

【Abstract】 The physical and chemical properties of such objects depend on their shape and particle size. Since a lot of applications of ultrafme amorphous alloy particles have been found in magnetic recording, catalysis, sensor components, and powder metallurgy, etc., much attention has been paid to the synthesis process of nanostructured Fe series alloy.The theory of preparing nanostructured alloy in a liquid solution: In the same condition, the reducing agent can simultaneously reduce two or more soluble metal-salt to metal, then with the adding up of reducing agent, the metal-salt is reduced to nanostructured alloy.Fe-Ni alloy whiskers were prepared in a mixed solution of ferrous and nickelous salts, using KBH4 as a reducing agent. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) characterized the synthesized Fe-Ni alloy whiskers. Fe-Ni alloy are important soft magnetic materials and they exhibited superparamagnetization at room temperature that have been widely used in industry. Nanostructured Fe-Ni alloys have been particularly emphasized because of their high permeability, low coercive force and relatively high saturation magnetization. The composition and Size distrbution of particles for Fe-Ni alloy will change as Fe/Ni ratio; When Fe/Ni <0.5 , the size of particles for Fe-Ni alloy which are reduce as the Fe/Ni ratio raise. When Fe/Ni >0.5 , the size of particles for Fe-Ni alloy which are increase as the Fe/Ni ratio raise; When Fe/Ni =0.5, the size of particles for Fe-Ni alloy is small. It is find that Fe-Ni component is normalization by measure of magnetic parameters which are increase as the Fe/Ni ratio raise.Nanosrtuctured Fe-Co whiskers were synthesised by chemical reduction in water-ethanol liquid solution at first. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) characterized the synthesized Fe-Co alloy whiskers. The composition and Size distrbution of particles for Fe- Co alloy will change as Fe/ Co ratio; When Fe/ Co <1.5 , the size of particles for Fe-Co alloy which are reduce as the Fe/Ni ratio raise. When Fe/ Co >1.5 , the size of particles for Fe-Coalloy which are increase as the Fe/Co ratio raise;When Fe/Co =1.5, the size of particles for Fe-Co alloy is small. It is find that Fe-Co component is normalization by measure of magnetic parameters which are increase as the Fe/Co ratio raise.It is well known that the thermal and electrical conductivities of Copper is better. One of the greatest challenges facing the microelectronics industry is the thermal expansion mismatch among the materials used in electronic devices and components. Fe-Cu,Co-Cu, Ni-Cu, Fe-Co-Cu, Fe-Ni-Cu, Co-Ni-Cu, Fe-Co-Ni-Cu were synthesised by Chemical reduction, in order to enhanced the thermal and electric conductivities of Fe-series alloy. The saturation magnetization of Cu-Iron series alloy, but they are nanosized materials, coercive force is zero, they exhibited superparamagnetization at room temperature and good soft magnetic materials.更多还原