【作者】 李昕；

【导师】 姚飞；

【作者基本信息】 北京化工大学 ， 化学工程， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 硝基苯酚是一类重要的受控污染物，它存在于许多生产过程中，如在硝基苯酚、硝基氯苯及染料、农药生产过程中都排出含硝基苯酚的污水，其组成和浓度不尽相同。对于浓度较高的含硝基苯酚废水，一般要经过回收利用或处理净化达标后，才允许排入环境。目前，对于这类废水的处理已有萃取法、吸附法、化学氧化法及生物氧化法等多种方法，但效果不一，普遍存在成本较高，难于操作的问题。本文采用了液膜法这一新的单元操作工艺处理含硝基苯酚废水。本文首先对配制的含硝基苯酚废水使用液膜法进行处理，寻找适宜的工艺条件，结果表明，在选择了适宜的工艺条件下，废水经过处理后硝基苯酚含量可从1000毫克／升降至小于1毫克／升。但是由于配制的废水水质相对较为单一、干扰较少，处理相对容易，因此为了满足实际情况的需要，又对生产中产生的含硝基苯酚的实际废水进行了深入的试验研究。同时，对在工业化过程中的重要环节—破乳以及破乳后的油相回用条件也进行了试验研究。试验结果表明，液膜分离技术是一项快速、高效、节能的分离技术，能使萃取与反萃取同时进行，一步完成，废水处理后硝基苯酚含量可从1000毫克／升降至小于1毫克／升。因此液膜技术作为一项新的单元操作，值得推广用于含硝基苯酚废水的处理。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nitrophenol compounds are a group of important controlled pollutants. In the production of nitrophenol, nitrochlorobenzene, dyestuff and pesticide, nitrophenol-containing wastewater is discharged. The wastewater should be treated to meet the discharge standards set by the state or local government, then is allowed to discharge into environment. At present, the processes widely used for treatment of nitrophenol-containing wastewater include solvent extraction, adsorption with activated carbon or adsorption resin, chemical oxidation and biological oxidation, etc. But all these processes commonly cause high cost of treating wastewater and are hard to control. So firstly we conducted the study on the treatment of the formulated wastewater containing nitrophenol compounds by liquid membrane process. From the experiment results, we can see that the liquid membrane process was effective for removal of nitrophenols in wastewater under suitable conditions. It is also a special process which combines extraction and back extraction. The concentration of nitrophenols in wastewater could be reduced from l000mg/L to less than 1mg/L. But because the formulated wastewater only contains nitrophenols without any other interference compounds which exist in the real wastewater, so we continued the research on treatment of the real wastewater generated from the production site by liquid membrane process in order to verify the experiment results obtained with the formulated wastewater. In addition, the emulsion breaking process-a key element for liquid membrane process and the reuse of the oil phase recovered by emulsion breaking have been also explored in the present study. The experiment results show that Liquid membrane process used in the experiment is a new separation technology in chemical engineering with advantages of high rate, good efficiency and energy-saving. And after treating, the concentration of nitrophenols in wastewater could be reduced from l000mg/L to less than 1 mg/L.更多还原