【作者】 张楠；

【导师】 余鼎声；

【作者基本信息】 北京化工大学 ， 材料学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本文对多种有机改性剂通过阳离子交换反应对蒙脱土的有机化改性进行了研究，合成了具有不同性能，不同结构的有机改性蒙脱土，并通过XRD，TR，TG等手段对其结构进行了表征和推断。结果表明，用长碳链烷基铵盐改性所得蒙脱土的层间距变的最大，通过计算其在蒙脱土片层间采取石蜡型单层排列方式。 首次采用离子偶极法对国产钙基蒙脱土一步进行了提纯，钠化和初步的有机化改性，改性后的蒙脱土由钙基成功转化为钠基，并且提高了阳离子交换容量，有利于后续通过阳离子交换反应进行的有机改性。 通过DSC对BZ／MEL-MMT杂化材料的固化行为进行了研究，并采用差减微分法和Kissinger法对在升温速度为2.5℃／min-20℃／min之间杂化材料的非等温固化行为进行了动力学分析。结果表明有机改性蒙脱土的加入使固化体系可在较低的温度下进行固化反应，且起始固化温度与改性蒙脱土的含量多少关系不大，固化体系的表观活化能和反应级数基本不随升温速度的提高而变化。比较BZ，BZ／C18-MMT，BZ／MEL-MMT三固化体系在不同升温速度下的固化行为，发现后两种固化体系存在催化开环和热开环固化反应两种固化反应方式，随升温速度的不同，两种方式的比率将不同，在同一升温速度下，BZ／MEL-MMT固化体系的热开环固化比率比BZ／C18-MMT的要高。 采用扭辨分析(TBA)对BZ／C18-MMT和BZ／MEL-MMT杂化材料固化过程的相态变化进行了研究。结果表明两固化体系的固化反应分别主要在135℃-270℃和135℃-245℃之间进行。随固化温度的升高，固化体系依次进入熔化转变区，凝胶化转变区和玻璃化转变区。 此外，本文还初步比较了纯苯并噁嗪树脂和BZ／MEL-MMT杂化材料的燃烧性能，结果表明制样工艺，样条的标准程度，改性蒙脱土在高聚物基体中的分散程度对材料的燃烧性能有着重要的影响，在这方面仍有大量的工作要做。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, the modification of montmorillonite by several organic modifiers through cation exchange reaction is investigated. The organic montmorrillonite with different properties and structure is synthesized and characterized by XRD,IR,TG. As a result, the layer distant of montmorillonite modified by the long chain alkyl ammonium salt is larger than that of others and the long chain stay in the layer in the way of single-olefin kind. Furthermore, the montmorillonite could be modified by several organic agent at the same time.Ion-dipole method, a new process is used from which the montmorillonite is purified and modified in on step. After the process, the montmorillonite is transferred from the calcium kind to the sodium kind and a higher Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) is obtained, which is advantageous to the organic modification through cation exchange reaction.The curing of BZ/MEL-MMT hybrid has been studied by isothermal and dynamic differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and torsional braid analysis (TBA). As a result, the curing reaction could be initiate in the lower temperature by adding the modified montmonillonite into the benzoxazine resin and the percentage of montmorillonite has little effect on the iniatial curing temperature. The activation energy and the order of the reaction are obtained by using the Freeman-Carroll and Kissinger, which would keep the same when the scanning rate is changed. Comparing the curing behavior of BZ,BZ/C18-MMT and BZ/MEL-MMT system in different scanning rate, the catalysis curing due to the ammonium salt and the thermal curing have been found in the BZ/C18-MMT and BZ/MEL-MMT hybrid. The ration of these two kinds of curing behavior could be different depending on the scanning rate. In the same rate, the percentage of thermal curing is higher in the BZ/MEL-MMT hybrid than that in the BZ/C18-MMT hybrid. During the cure, the phase of hybrids changes from liquid to glass, which is accompanied by gelation and vitrification phenomena.In addition, the flammability of PBZ and PBZ/MEL-MMT hybrid is compared. The result is not as good as expectation. The reason is that the curing technique and dispersion of montmorillonite in polybenzoxazine will affect the flammability of materials. There is still a large work to do.更多还原