【作者】 沈刚；

【导师】 严力蛟；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 生态学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 生态城市既是一种生态过程，也是一种生态结果，是过程与结果的统一。它的概念产生于人们对20世纪60年代以来全球、区域、地方的环境污染和生态退化现实的反思，是人类自工业革命以来对城市发展与建设模式的重新选择。生态城市的发生与演化从本质上讲是定位于人、非人类生物、理化环境之间的一系列生态选择和组织过程，发生与演化的动态性意味着城市在时空域上的每个点都可能存在着这种选择与组织作用。从理论上去判定一个生态城市，具有弱准则和强准则两种意义的判定准则。 目前，如何建设生态城市一直是人们最关注的问题。生态城市规划是生态城市建设的重要组成部分，是实现城市生态系统动态平衡、调控人与环境关系的一种有效手段。生态敏感性分析和生态适宜度评价，是生态城市规划的基础分析和重要的规划依据。本研究以安吉县生态城市规划为例，对生态城市规划中的生态敏感性分析和生态适宜度评价进行了研究。 本研究中的生态敏感性分析主要从自然生态资源的角度来分析区域内各系统对人类活动的反应，从地质、地形地貌、坡度、土壤、水文、植被、生物多样性、气候等自然生态因子中选取了地形地貌、坡度因子、水文因子、植被因子、生物多样性等五个因子。用单因子分析法，针对每个生态因子，根据其自身的量化标准，结合城市建设和环境保护的要求，将其分成敏感级、弱敏感级、不敏感级三个程度，将分析区分成敏感程度不同的三个区，即敏感区、弱敏感区、不敏感区。将每个因子分析图中的敏感区取其并集，获得整个区域的敏感区。最后根据敏感区内各个子区的不同自然属性，将其划分为不同的保护区，以达到保护自然脆弱区域的目的。 本研究将生态敏感性分析和生态适宜度评价严格区分开来，生态适宜度评价以生态敏感性分析为基础，在生态敏感性分析中不适合纳入城市建设用地的生态敏感区在这里将不计入生态适宜度评价的区域范围。在进行生态适宜度评价时，本研究采用了单功能多因子分析法。根据安吉城市总体规划，将非敏感区从工业、商业、居住三种性质的用地来考虑。针对每种性质的用地，选择其相应的具有代表性的评价因子对整个非敏感区进行评价，最后将其分为适宜区、基本适宜区、不适宜区三个等级。最后按照适宜区优先布局的原则，来指导城市的产业布局用地。 同当前国内外生态城市规划中的生态敏感性分析和生态适宜度评价相比，本研究有以下几个方面的创新之处:(1)将生态敏感性分析和生态适宜度分析明确区分开;(2)生态敏感性分析时采用单因子图叠加;(3)生态适宜度评价实行单功能多因子评价法。研究发现，目前的生态敏感性分析和生态适宜度评价方法不够完善，有许多需要改进的地方:(l)生态敏感性分析和生态适宜度评价的目的需进一步明确;(2)生态敏感性分析方法不够完善;(3)生态适宜度评价应该更加具有系统性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ecological city is one ecological process and also one ecological result, at the same time that is the unity of the process and the result. This concept came from people’s self-examination on global, regional, local environmental contamination and ecological retrogradation since the 1960s and is a new choice for the city development and construction mode for man since the industrial revolution. The occurrence and the evolution of ecological city is essentially a series of ecological selections and organizations among the human, nonhuman life-form, and the physical and chemical environment. The dynamic character of this occurrence and the evolution means these selections and organizations may exist in every point of the temporal and special field of the city. Two judging principles-weak principle and strong principle can judge whether a city is an ecological city or not on theories.How to build an ecological city is always a key problem. Ecological city planning is an important part of the ecological city construction, which is an effective measure to realize the dynamic balance of the ecological system of city and regulate the relationship between man and environment. Based on the ecological city planning of An’ji County, this paper did research on the ecological sensitivity analysis and the ecological feasibility estimation.From the angle of natural ecology resources, this paper analyzes the reaction of various systems of the region to human actions. During geology, landform, soil, hydrology, vegetation biological diversity, climate and other natural ecological factors, the author chooses five factors of landform, gradient, hydrology, vegetation and biological diversity and use single factor analysis to divide them into three degrees which are sensitivity, weak-sensitivity, and non-sensitivity according to the quantity of the five factors and the requirement of city construction and environmental protection. So the analysis zone can be divided into three districts of sensitivity, weak-sensitivity and non-sensitivity. The author gathers the sensitivity areas of every factor analyzing chart and get the sensitivity area of the whole zone. Finally he divides the sensitivity zone into different protection areas according to differentnatural properties of each sub-area in the sensitivity zone in order to protect the fragile natural zone.This paper distinguishes the ecological sensitivity analysis and the ecological feasibility estimation, and the latter is based on the former. The ecological sensitivity zone, which is not suitable to act as the city construction land, is not considered into the area coverage of the ecological feasibility estimation. According to the overall city planning of An’ji County, the author considers the non-sensitivity area from the angle of the three kinds of land_ industry, commence and inhabitation. To the each kind of land, the author chooses the corresponding evaluation factor to estimate the whole non-sensitivity area and divide the whole area into suitable, generally suitable and unsuitable area. At last according to the principle of first planning of the suitable area, the author makes a planning of the industrial layout of the city.Compared with other similar present researches at home and abroad, this paper overweighs in its innovation, which are first making a clear distinguish between the ecological sensitivity analysis and the ecological feasibility estimation, second superposing single factor charts when analyzing the ecological sensitivity, third adopting the evaluation methods of single function and multi-factors to estimate the ecological feasibility. The author considers that there can be some improvements in the present methods of ecological sensitivity analysis and the ecological feasibility, which are first the purpose should be definitely clear, second the analyzing method of the ecological sensitivity should be improved, third the ecological feasibility estimation should possess more systematic nature.更多还原