【作者】 贺培建；

【导师】 方盛国； 张建龙；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 动物学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 藏羚羊(Pantholops hodgsonii)是青藏高原的特有物种。近几十年来，藏羚羊面临栖息地毁坏、惨遭猎杀等严重威胁，致使其种群片段化严重、个体数量急剧下降，从而其生存状况引起极大关注。 本研究以采集于新疆阿尔金山自然保护区、西藏羌塘自然保护区和青海可可西里自然保护区的57个藏羚羊个体为研究对象，应用MEGA、DnaSP和ARLEQUIN等分析软件对其线粒体DNA控制环区序列进行分析，以研究当前藏羚羊种群的遗传多样性背景，地理种群关系及其进化历史中种群变化情况，并为藏羚羊的保护工作提供科学依据。主要研究结果如下： 1) 所研究藏羚羊种群的平均核苷酸多样性(π)为2.18％，其中新疆种群的核苷酸变异度(π)为1.87％，西藏种群的核苷酸变异度(π)为2.05％，青海种群的核苷酸变异度(π)为2.47％；表明当前藏羚羊种群的遗传多样性水平较高，为防止遗传多样性丧失，应遏制栖息地片段化趋势及严厉打击猖獗的偷猎活动； 2) 各地理种群间基因流丰富，无显著遗传分化，其中新疆与西藏地区间基因流最频繁(Nm=49)，而新疆与青海种群遗传关系最远，表明产仔地在促进基因地理种群间基因流的重要性；应加强种群动态野外调查、产仔地保护，并采取有效措施促进新疆和青海种群的基因交流，保护物种进化潜力； 3) 中性测验表明Fu’s Fs=-28.15(p＜0.01)，错配分布检测曲线图显示种群变化趋向于种群增长模型，揭示藏羚羊进化历史过程中发生过种群膨胀，这将对青藏高原其它物种的研究具有重要指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Tibetan antelope or chiru (Pantholops hodgsonii) is endemic to the Tibetan plateau. In the past several decades, the chiru has undergone dramatic decline of population size and severe population fragmentation mainly due to poaching and curtailment of the habitats. Therefore, the chiru attracted a lot of attentions of the Chinese government, conservation scientists and other conservative organizations in the world.In the present study, 57 chiru individuals were sampled from Arjin Shan Nature Reserve in Xinjiang, Chang Tang Nature Reserve in Tibet and Kekexili Nature Reserve in Qinghai. The present study, based on the analyses of the chiru mitochondrial control region with MEGA, DnaSP and ARLEQUIN programs, investigated into the genetic diversity background, evolutionary history and population relationships and aimed to provide scientific basis for the protection of the chiru. The main results and implications for the conservation of the chiru species are as below:i) The average nucleotide variation (IT) of the studied chiru populations was 2.18%, specifically 1.87% for the Xinjiang population, 2.05% for the Xizang population and 2.47% for the Qinghai population. The above data indicated that the genetic diversity of the current chiru population is relatively high. We should reinforce the protection of habitats and prevent the poaching activities in order to avoid the loss of genetic variation.ii) There was high level of gene flow among the three populations, of which the gene contact between the Xinjiang and Xizang populations was the most with yVm=49, while it was the least genetically related between the Xinjiang and Qinghai populations. We thus inferred the significance of the calving ground in promoting the gene flow among populations. Therefore, we consider it significant to strengthen field survey on the population status and protection of calving grounds. Furthermore, effective measures should be taken to enhance the genetic exchange between the Xinjiang and Qinghai populations to protect the evolutionary potentials.iii) The neutrality test showed significant Fu’s Fs value of-28.15 (p<0.01), and detection of the mismatch distribution indicated the proximity of the chiru population change to the growth-decline model. They both indicated that population expansion has ever occurred to the chiru species in the evolutionary history. The results will be of vital significance to the further studies of other wild species on the Tibetan plateau.更多还原