【作者】 韩吉彬；

【导师】 伍社毛； 张立群；

【作者基本信息】 北京化工大学 ， 材料学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 动态全硫化NBR/PP热塑性弹性体(TPV)结合了NBR优良的耐油性、柔韧性和PP优良的加工性能及机械性能,可以广泛应用于电线电缆、衬垫、密封件、隔膜和汽车油箱等领域,故在国外得到了迅速的发展。当前美国AES公司已经发展了牌号为Geolast的NBR/PP产品,然而在我国尚未有产品出现,因此深入研究TPV的制备方法,开发新品种,对填补国内空白具有重要意义。本文提出了通过研究增容剂对简单共混物的增容效果来优选增容剂的研究思路。简单共混物的相容性表征主要采用了TEM、SEM、DSC及DMTA分析几种手段,通过共混物的微观相态结构和玻璃化转变温度及结晶度反映增容剂的增容效果。实验研究表明,用简单共混获得的相容性较好的共混物,相应的也能制备出性能较好的热塑性硫化胶(TPV),这为今后TPV的研究工作中优选增容剂提供了一种全新而又简单的研究方法。研究了端胺基液体丁腈橡胶和马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(ATBN/MP)、MP和氯化聚丙烯(CPP)三种增容体系对NBR/PP TPV的增容效果,发现ATBN/MP是NBR/PP共混体系的一种优秀的增容剂,且当ATBN/MP用量为5phr/10phr时所制得的TPV的性能最佳。并在此实验基础上,系统研究了橡塑比对NBR/PP TPV性能的影响。研究了树脂硫化体系、过氧化物硫化体系对TPV的硫化效果,发现酚醛树脂硫化体系是TPV的比较理想的硫化体系,经其硫化的TPV力学性能、流动性能和耐油性能均优于其它硫化体系。 <WP=4>本文对NBR/PP TPV的耐油性能、老化性能以及动态力学性能也进行了初步的研究和探讨,旨在制备出综合性能优秀的NBR/PP TPV。此外,本文还对NBR/PP TPV硬度偏高、弹性不够理想的技术难点进行了研究,选用DOP、聚酯、普通液体丁腈和油膏作为增塑剂,旨在降低TPV硬度、改善材料弹性的同时而对TPV的其它性能影响不大。结果表明,DOP和聚酯能较好的降低NBR/PP TPV的硬度,但由于DOP易被抽出,所以当用作耐油制品时,不易大量加入来降低TPV的硬度,而聚酯耐抽出性较好一些。更多还原

【Abstract】 The thermoplastic elastomers have the processing characteristics of a thermoplastic and the functional performance of a conventional thermoset rubber, so they are substituting the conventional thermoset rubber in many fields step by step. Since the AES company industrialized the product of Geolast in 1985, the NBR/PP TPV is catching people’s eyes because of its excellent oil resistance, alcohol resistance, heat resistance and better mechanical property, so they are widely used in wires, cables, gaskets, oil seals, spacers and gasoline tank, etc. So it is very important to study NBR/PP TPV.The research idea of choosing and appraising compatibilizer by investigating the compatible effects of uncured NBR/PP blend was brought forward in the paper. TEM, SEM and DSC analysis were used to reflect and value the compatible effects, resulting from the micromorphology , Tg changing and crystallinity of the uncured NBR/PP blend. It was showed that, the compatibilizer that had excellent compatible effects in the uncured NBR/PP blend also could act as good compatibilizer for preparing TPV, because of its outstanding properties. The research idea could be determined to evaluate compatibilizer in the future study, due to its fire-new and simple technology. Effects of three kinds of compatibilizer ATBN/MP,MP and CPP were investigated in the paper, the results showed that, ATBN/MP was the excellent compatibilizer between NBR and PP, resulting in preparing NBR/PP TPV with excellent properties, and the optimal concentration used was5 phr/10phr. Based on this study, the effect of the ratio of rubber to plastic on mechanical properties and oil-resistant property of TPV were investigated systemically. <WP=6>The effects of dynamic vulcanization of NBR/PP blend were investigated in three kinds of vulcanization systems(SP1056,phenolic resin and DCP), respectively. The mechanical property, flow property and oil resistance were very excellent cured by phenolic resin compared with other curing system.The oil resistance, ageing property and dynamic mechanical property were studied for preparing good NBR/PP TPV. In addition, the key and difficult technology, which was high stiffness and poor elasticity of NBR/PP TPV was studied specially. DOP, ointment and liquid nitrile rubber were used as plasticizer in order to reduce the stiffness, improve the elasticity and did not affect other properties of the NBR/PP TPV. It was found that, DOP and polyester could decrease the hardness of TPV markedly. However, DOP was easily drawn out by oil. Fortunately, polyester can stay in rubber phase and almost not being drawn out in the oil condition. So polyester was considered the preferable plasticizer to resolve the above key and difficult technology.更多还原