【作者】 邢会敏；

【导师】 李正惠；

【作者基本信息】 北京化工大学 ， 应用化学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文用水溶液聚合法合成了丙烯酰胺阳离子共聚物,在碱性条件下将其部分水解制得两性共聚物,并对合成工艺条件进行了探索。在此基础上,对合成的丙烯酰胺两性共聚物进行了应用实验,筛选出了性能优良的污水处理剂丙烯酰胺类两性共聚物。在合成方面,合成两性共聚物(Ⅰ),将丙烯酰胺与丙烯酰胺--N-(二甲基氨基)甲基丙烯酰胺阳离子单体(Ⅰ)共聚,得到阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(Ⅰ)。采用正交实验研究了链转移剂的加入量、加入时间对聚合反应的影响。研究结果表明,链转移剂加入量为反应体系单体总重量的2%,加入时间为反应开始聚合后40分钟的条件下聚合所得阳离子聚丙烯酰胺有较高的转化率和很好的溶解性。将阳离子共聚物(Ⅰ)在碱性条件下部分水解合成出两性共聚物(Ⅰ),采用正交设计,研究了反应温度、反应时间、碱用量对水解反应产物的影响,同时探讨分析了阳离子含量的测定方法。研究结果表明,水解温度60℃,反应时间75分钟,碱用量为阳离子单体摩尔用量的1/10时制得的两性共聚物有较好的絮凝效果。合成两性共聚物(Ⅱ),将丙烯酰胺与甲基丙烯酸(氯化三甲铵基)乙酯阳离子单体(Ⅱ)进行共聚得到阳离子共聚物阳离子单体(Ⅱ)。采用正交实验,探讨了聚合反应中丙烯酰胺与阳离子单体的摩尔比、引发剂用量及聚合反应温度对反应转化率和水溶性的影响。实验结果表明,丙烯酰胺与阳离子单体摩尔比为9:1,引发剂质量分数为单体质量的0.05%,温度为55℃时所合成的阳离子共聚物单体转化率可达98%。将阳离子共聚物(Ⅱ)在碱性条件下部分水解制得两性共聚物(Ⅱ),采用正交设计,研究了反应温度反应时间碱用量对水解反应产物的影响。研究结果表明,水解温度60℃,反应时间90分钟,<WP=4>碱用量为阳离子单体摩尔用量的1/10时制得的两性聚合物收率为98.2%,溶解率为100%。从产品的质量方面,主要测定了阳离子共聚物的残留单体含量和阳离子度;从产品的应用性能方面,主要测定了絮凝处理前后的炼油厂废水的透光率,染料废水化学需氧量及生活污泥滤饼含水率。其两性共聚物产品性能优于无机絮凝剂及其他离子型絮凝剂。更多还原

【Abstract】 The paper copolymerizes two kinds of cationic copolymers by aqueous solution copolymerization which have been partly hydrolyzed with alkali to synthesize amphoteric copolymers and determines the art of it. On the basis of determination, experiments have made on the conditions for copolymerizaition of amphoteric copolymer, and attain wastewater’s flocculants with perfect performances.In the aspect of synthesis, the one experiment is to make the fist kind amphoteric polyacrylamide. Cationic copolymers(Ⅰ) is made by aqueous solution copolymerization. When to add and the quantity of the chain transfer agent are studied by orthogonal test. The results indicate that the quantity of the chain transfer agent 2% the total quantity of cationic monomer is added when the copolymerization has been 40mins. The reaction product has the high conversion percent and better dissolving power.The first kind amphoteric copolymer (Ⅰ)is synthesized by partly hydrolyzed cationic copolymer (Ⅰ) with alkali. Temperature, reaction time and the quantity of alkali are studied by orthogonal test. The results indicate that when the temperature is 60℃,the reaction time is 75min, the quantity of alkali is 1/10(the quantity of alkali/ the quantity of cationic monomer), the effect is the best.The other kind cationic copolymer (Ⅱ) is to be synthesized by aqueous solution copolymerizion of acrylamides and DMC, then hydrolyzed to make the amphoteric copolymer(Ⅱ). By the orthogonal test, about acrylamide/cationic (mol ration), the quantity of redox catalyst and the temperature are studied in the experiment of making <WP=6>cationic copolymer. The results indicate that when acrylanide/cationic acrylamide (mol ration) is 9:1, the quantity of redox catalyst is 0.05%(the quantity of redox/the total quantity of monomer),the temperature is 55℃,the product has the conversion of 98%.The next is to hydrolyze the cationic copolymer(Ⅱ) partly in order to attain the amphoteric copolymer(Ⅱ). By orthogonal test the temperature, reaction time and the quantity of alkali are studied. The results indicate that when the temperature is 60℃, the reaction time is 90min, the quantity of alkali is 1/10 , the amphoteric product has 98.2% yield and dissolved 100%.In the aspect of quality of the products , the paper mainly determines the content of the left monomer and the extent of cation The reaction products amphoteric copolymer have perfect performance and application in the industry water treatment.更多还原