【作者】 李素锋；

【导师】 段雪；

【作者基本信息】 北京化工大学 ， 应用化学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 针对普通无机阻燃剂在制备阻燃高分子复合材料时不能同时表现出优良的阻燃、抑烟效果,本文提出制备一种无机无卤同时具有高效阻燃、抑烟效果的新型阻燃剂。双金属氢氧化物(LDHs)具有独特的层状结构,层间阴离子的可交换性和层板组成的可调控。提出将硼酸根离子(客体)插入LDHs(主体)层间使主客体的阻燃抑烟作用结合以发挥协同效应,同时把锌元素引入层板,起到润滑作用,制备高效阻燃、抑烟及力学性能俱佳的阻燃剂。以Mg-Al-CO3 LDHs为前体,在酸性条件下插层制备了硼酸根插层LDHs,改变插层体系的pH,可以得到不同层间阴离子的插层LDHs;以Zn-Mg-Al-CO3 LDHs为前体,在酸性条件下采用离子交换法制备了三硼酸根插层LDHs。通过XRD、FT-IR、TG-DTA、11B MAS NMR和ICP等分析手段,证明组装得到了主、客体之间以静电作用和氢键,主体层板内元素间以共价键,客体之间以分子间作用力等多种键型,客体在层间高度有序排列的具有插层结构的超分子化合物。并确定了硼酸根插层LDHs的超分子结构模型。 在添加量为150phr时,三种碳酸根型LDHs(镁铝,锌铝及锌镁铝)都表现出了良好的阻燃性能,而将产物的颗粒大小控制在纳米尺寸更使其抑烟性能明显提高;在相同的添加量,具有超分子结构的硼<WP=5>酸根插层LDHs有效地发挥了纳米LDHs与硼系阻燃剂的协同效应,在保持纳米LDHs较好的阻燃性能的同时,有效地提高了抑烟性能,同时层板引入锌元素形成LDHs后,使复合材料物理机械性能有显著提高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Traditional inorganic flame retardants could not, like macromolecular retardant materials, perform both excellent retardant flame and smoke inhibition together. In the thesis, series of inorganic and dehalogen novel flame retardants have been synthesized. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), with layered structure, possess ion-exchange property and varieties of elements in layer sheet. Borate has been intercalated into layered double hydroxides, that perform highly effective flame retardants by cooperating layers (host) with interlayer anions (guest).Borate anions have been intercalated into Mg-Al-CO3 LDHs as precursors acidic conditions. LDHs containing different anions can be obtained by controlling the value of pH value, triborate intercalated LDHs has been synthesized by ion-exchange with Zn-Mg-Al-CO3 LDHs as precursors.All the products have been characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TG-DTA, 11B MAS NMR. The supramolecular host-guest interactions involve not only electrostatic forces and hydrogen bonds but also the covalent bonding within the host layers and intermolecular interactions between the guest <WP=7>anions in the interlayer region. And the schematic models have been given.When the additive quantity is 150phr, three kinds of LDHs (Mg-Al, Zn-Al and Zn-Mg-Al) show good fire-retardant properties. By controlling the size of materials to nano-size, the properties of smoke inhibition and fire-retardance have been improved significantly. On the same additive quantity, borate-pillared LDHs with supramolecular structure enhance the smoke inhibition property in combination the advantage of nano-size LDHs with that of borate fire-retardants. The mechanical feature of LDHs has also obtained improvement by adding zinc to layers.更多还原