【作者】 关丛荣；

【导师】 杨守成；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨理工大学 ， 精密仪器及机械， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 目前我国大部分油田采油时均使用游梁式抽油机,它由交流电动机驱动,电动机在一个冲程内承受的扭矩会出现正负交变过程。当电动机工作在负扭矩时会转化为发电机,向电网输电的同时仍需从电网吸收滞后的无功功率,这不但增加线路和电机绕组中的损耗,还会对电网产生干扰,影响供电质量。为减少电动机负值功率的影响,要为抽油机合理配备平衡块,这就要求准确监测抽油机的工作状态。国外有关抽油机配套仪器中功率测试仪表的精度虽然高,但价格昂贵。国内也有针对抽油机的测量电流仪表,但不能正确反映抽油机对电网充电电流的大小,从而不能正确合理配备抽油机平衡块。本课题所要研制的抽油机专用电流表能够比较理想地测出抽油机的平衡比,同时还可以测得电动机的电压、电流、功率、功率因数,绘制抽油机电机的实际电流曲线和功率曲线,为工程技术人员提供比较直观的科学依据。本电流表是以单片机89C51为核心,其中电流、电压的有效值转换部分由AD536集成芯片担当,A/D转换采用AD574集成芯片,显示部分采用LCD字符式液晶显示器,配有打印机。它即可单独使用,又可与PC机组合,构成两级的监测系统,上下机间通过串行通讯方式传递数据。在软件设计中,下位机采用C语言编程,上位机采用面向对象的程序设计方法,充分利用Visual Basic4.0简单的开发手段及丰富的资源。这样,不但缩短仪器的开发时间,而且还能为用户提供良好的界面,使操作更加简便。整个电流表的设计具有体积小、功能全、安全可靠等优点,便于油田管理人员配备使用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays, in our country the oil-pump in using is beam-pump worked by AC electromotor. During one stroke the electromotor will receive the torsional quadrature of positive and negative. When it is worked under the negative quadrature the electromotor will change to dynamotor. This doesn’t only increase the wasting of the circuitry, but also interfere the electrical system. So the quality of the system is influenced. In order to decrease the influence of the negative power, we outfit the electromotor with the balance weight. So it is very important to inspect the oil-pump working state. The abroad configure instruments of oil-pump have high precision, but they are expensive. And in our country we also have the ampere meter to test the oil-pump. But they can’t test the actual electrical current of the oil-pump on real time. Depending on this, we can’t outfit the rational balance weight to the oil-pump. Hereby we research a new oil-pump special ampere meter, it can realize the rational balance weight. In the same time, it also tests the voltage, ampere, single item power and power factor. In addition, it can draw the curve of the power and ampere. All of this can offer the directly scientific foundation to the oil field engineersThe core of the instrument is 89C51 single chip. The virtual value change is realized by AD536. The A/D change is finished by AD574. We also outfit the instrument with the LCD module and printer. The instrument devised by us can be used alone as well as be worked with personal computer together, which can compose a two-level watching-measuring system. The communication between them depends on RS-232 serial port. In the design of the software, C language is used in the lower computer to complete structural programming. OOP technology and Visual Basic 4.0 are used in the development of the superior computer. In this way, the time spent on the development of this instrument is shortened, with a better interface for users, which makes operation easier. The whole instrument is small, full function, safety and reliable. It is very adapt to our oil field manage engineers.更多还原