男子公开级赛艇运动员机能变化规律的初步研究

【作者】 丁轶建；

【导师】 曾凡星； 吴昊；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 运动人体科学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 目的:本研究以参加2002年亚洲运动会的男子公开级赛艇运动员为研究对象,探讨长期赛艇训练的训练特点以及与某些机能指标变化之间的关系,希望能找出某些机能指标变化规律,为赛艇的科学训练进一步完善提供一个参考。研究方法:在整个赛艇训练周期内,我们对男子公开级赛艇运动员的某些机能评定指标如血红蛋白(HB)、血清肌酸激酶(CK)、血尿素(BU)、血睾酮(T)和乳酸阈(AT4)、测功仪2000米最大功及水上2000米模拟划的成绩进行了大量的测试和具体的分析;运用心率图表对训练课进行评定监控;对运动训练的内容、训练量和训练强度进行统计分析。 结果:1. 男子公开级赛艇运动员训练呈现出明显的周期性,各训练周期的运动量和强度等级的分配呈现出不同的特点,冬训后正常训练达到了172公里/周,有氧训练占的比例达到了89.65%。2. 男子公开级赛艇运动员BU、CK、HB基础值处于正常人的标准范围,但个体差异较大;在整个训练周期,BU、CK、HB经历了周期性变化,T的变化则是先降低后升高;水上模拟划成绩变化缺乏规律性;总体而言,乳酸阈是逐渐提高的,测功仪2000米成绩不是一个渐进的上升过程,而是一个曲折反复的上升过程;分开而言,单桨桨手的乳酸阈和测功仪2000米最大功成绩比双桨桨手升高的少。结论:1. BU、CK和HB各指标存在着不同程度的个体差异,进行纵向比较和监控更有意义,不能以单一指标作为上量上强度的标准;机能状态指标伴随着训练的周期性变化也经历了周期性变化,从机能指标来看,运动员的运动能力总体上可以提高;水上模拟成绩只可以作为一个参考,但在赛前应加强运动员水上模拟训练的次数,以保证运动员在比赛中发挥稳定。2. 在多人艇训练中特别是单桨多人艇训练中,不能忽视个体能力的训练。如何找到真正合适多人艇特别是单桨专项的评定模式也可能是进一步值得研究和探讨的问题。3. 男子公开级赛艇运动员有氧强度训练比例似乎过大,但如何在大的训练周期中安排各种训练强度达到最佳训练效果,问题还有待于进一步的探索。建议在赛艇的训练中,采用心率表和心率解析图进行训练强度的监控,综合利用各种机能指标,科学地去探索训练方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: The research took the open-men rowers being trained for the Asian Games in 2002 as the subjects. We attempted to find out some rules or problems by exploring the characteristics of their training and its relationship with the variation of some physical ability indices during the long term training to provide a reference for the development of scientific training of rowing.Methods: During the long term rowing training, some physical fitness evaluation indices including HB, BU, CK, and T, 2000m rowing ergometer all-out test,2000m simulation on water, and AT4 were tested and analyzed systematically; Also, the HR analyzing diagram was applied to evaluate and monitor the training session; The training content, volume and intensity were analyzed systematically and statistically.Results: 1: The open-men rowers’training during this period proceeded periodically and cyclically, the volume and intensity varied with different training week type; Totally, the average training volume reached 172km/week, of which the aerobic training accounted for 89.65% after winter training period. 2: Open-men rowers’baseline of HB,BU,CK was in the range of the ordinary,but vary individually. During the whole training season, we found these indices of open-men rowers changed periodically and cyclically; T fell firstly then rose to the original value; the AT4 rose progressively, and 2000m all-out test results fell firstly and rose finally, but these two indices changed differently for scullers and sweeping rowers;We find it hard to find out any rules of 2000m simulation results on water. Conclusion: 1:It is more meaningful to analyze and monitor lengthways, and it is not recommended to use only one index as a standard to increase volume and intensity; The indices changed periodically and cyclically with training, and physical ability improved according to AT4 and 2000m all-out test;2000m simulation on water can only be regarded as a reference, but the simulation training is important especially before competition to stabilize the competition performance.2:Individual ability’training cannot be ignored for the crew; A better evaluation methods for sweeping rowers is worth further exploring.3:The ratio of the aerobic training of open-men rowers seemed too high during the long term training, but how to arrange the volume and intensity to optimize training effect during the long term training is to be further investigated, which I suggest to explore different training methods by use of HR diagram, and different indices coordinately.更多还原