【作者】 杨迪；

【导师】 李方实；

【作者基本信息】 南京工业大学 ， 应用化学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 苯脲类除草剂是广泛使用的除草剂,本文研究了苯脲类除草剂的定量结构-活性关系。以甲醇-水为流动相,混合比从75:25-55:45(V/V),流速为0.5ml?min-1,测量波长为240nm,柱温15℃;建立了反相高效液相色谱测定衍生脲类除草剂正辛醇-水分配系数(Kow)的方法。测定了14种衍生脲类除草剂外推至纯水作流动相时的容量因子(k0)。通过对12种衍生脲类除草剂的lgk0实验值与lgKow文献值进行多元线性回归分析,建立了估算衍生脲类除草剂的Kow的定量模型。用此模型预测了其他衍生脲类除草剂的Kow。本文也利用分子连接性指数法建立了这14种衍生脲类除草剂的预测模型。通过将HPLC法和MCI法得到的预测值与Kow实验值的比较,可以看出HPLC法有比MCI法更好的预测结果。这也说明HPLC法建立的Kow的预测模型更适合用于预测复杂化合物的Kow值。本文对近年来苯脲类除草剂的各种检测方法的进展进行了阐述,概要的介绍了常用的苯脲类除草剂的测定方法,如气相色谱法、液相色谱法、分光光度法、薄层色谱法等。并系统地研究了几种大量使用的苯脲类除草剂的分光光度法。建立了以变色酸作为显色剂,经重氮化反应显色后测定非草隆、灭草隆和异丙隆的方法。得到了反应的最优条件、干扰因素,方法的线性范围、检测限和回收率。非草隆、灭草隆和异丙隆反应的最优条件为:最大吸收波长分别为510,516,500nm,线性范围分别为0-9.504mg/L,0-11.60mg/L和0-14.7900mg/L和摩尔吸光系数分别为1.8×104 L(moL-1(cm-1, 1.9×104 L(moL-1(cm-1和2.3777×104 L(moL-1(cm-1。更多还原

【Abstract】 Phenylurea herbicides are used widely in agriculture. Used widely and high toxicity make it necessary to monitor the concentration of phenylurea herbicides in the environment. In this paper, we studied phenylurea herbicides quantificational structure activity showed high correlations (R = 0.934) between their octanol-water partition coefficients and capacity factors, making possible the prediction of the partition behavior of untested phenylurea herbicides. The result showed the RP-HPLC method had better results than the molecular connectivity index method.In this paper, we also introduced a variety of methods for determination the phenylurea herbicides, for instance GC, LC, UV, TLC. And we studied a spectrophotometric method for the determination of fenuron, monuron and isoproturon. It was based on acidic hydrolysis of the herbicide, then followed by diazotization and coupling with chromotropic acid in alkaline medium. The λmax of the colored compound is at 510nm, 516nm and 500nm respectively, and Beer’s law is valid in the range of 0-9.504mg/L,0-11.60mg/L and 0-14.7900mg/L, εis 1.8×104 L(moL-1(cm-1, 1.9×104 L(moL-1(cm-1 and 2.3777×104 L(moL-1(cm-1 respecttivly.更多还原