【作者】 朱新军；

【导师】 刘贯群；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 环境工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文是在内蒙科技攻关项目《孪井滩扬水灌区地下环境及土壤渍化研究与预测》研究基础上完成的。内蒙古是我国干旱区主要分布地之一，在干旱区没有灌溉就没有农业，而研究区孪井滩位于极其干旱的沙漠边缘，该区蒸发量极大，降水较少，水资源严重短缺，节水灌溉显得尤为重要。 本文利用WHI Unsat2.2中的VS2DT软件分析了各种影响因素对水分运动的影响并模拟了现有灌溉模式下的土壤水分渗漏情况，根据模拟结果给出了孪井灌区主要作物春小麦和夏玉米的节水灌溉模式。 首先，系统分析了内蒙孪井灌区的水文地质条件和包气带水文地质特征，在土壤水分观测及田间灌溉试验的基础上，概化出了模拟土壤水分运移的模型。在灌区实测资料的基础上确定了模型的初始条件和边界条件，检验了模型的实用性并对模型中的各参数进行了率定，发现模拟得到的土壤水分剖面与实测土壤水分剖面吻合良好，说明该模型可以用来模拟灌溉渗漏。 其次，推求了作物生长期内的缺水量。采用联合国粮农组织(FAO)最新推荐的Penman—Monteith方法计算灌区的参照腾发量ET_o，按照FAO-56计算作物系数的方法计算了春小麦和夏玉米的作物系数K_c，在此基础上计算了作物需水量，根据结果分析了春小麦和夏玉米生长过程中的需水规律。求出了灌区的四个典型代表年，并分析了代表年年内自然水分分布状况和作物缺水规律。 再次，用坑1冬灌和夏苗一水的田间实测数据及作物腾发等条件对模型进行识别，分析了模型对土壤参数、作物生长参数的敏感性，结果表明，土壤参数K、α′、β′对模拟结果影响较大，在确定时要力求准确。用率定后的参数及实际灌溉时的边界条件及初始条件，计算了坑1及坑7各次灌溉时的渗漏量。 最后，结合作物净灌溉需水量和模型计算的节水灌溉量，建立了孪井灌区春小麦和夏玉米的节水灌溉模式。用模型计算结果评价了现行的春小麦和夏玉米的灌溉制度，认为现行灌溉制度导致大量灌水浪费，并针对分析结果提出了该灌区的节水对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis is based on the research of Tackle Key Problem project-The Forecasting and Evaluation of Soil Salinization and Groundwater Environment in Luanjing Irrigation Area, Inner Mongolia. Luanjing Irrigation Area is adjacent to the Teng Ge-li Desert where evaporation is large and precipitation is small, so the area is seriously short of water and water saving irrigation method is important.The thesis analyses the impacts on the moisture transportation by some factors and simulate deep percolate situation under present irrigation modes using VS2DT software, and suggests a suitable water saving irrigation mode to spring wheat and summer com in Luanjing Area.The thesis first detailedly analyses the hydrogeological conditions and properties of unsaturated zone, then generalizes the model of simulating soil moisture transportation based on observation of soil moisture and experiments of irrigation in crop field. The boundary and initial conditions is concluded based on experimental data in the irrigation area, and the model has been proved to be practical. The parameters of the model have been adjusted according to the irrigation data. The soil moisture curve by simulating tallies with the experimental curve, then the model is suitable to be used to simulate the irrigation percolation.Net irrigation requirement is calculated in this thesis, and the reference crop evapotranspiration is calculated using the latest Penman-Monteith Method recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations (FAO). The crop coefficient Kc of spring wheat and summer corn is calculated using the FAO-56 method. The thesis analyses the water requirement in spring wheat and summer corn’s growth progresses; and finds four representative years. The thesis also analyses thenatural moisture situation and trend of net irrigation requirement in the representative years.The model is identified by field irrigation data of winter irrigation and summer first irrigation of the Hole 1 and crop evapotranspiration conditions. The sensitivity of the model to soil coefficient and crop growth coefficient is analyzed in this thesis. The soil coefficients K must be accurate for these coefficients are the crucial factors to influence the simulation results. The percolation of Hole 1 and Hole 7 is simulated under the boundary conditions and initial conditions of actual irrigation and amendatory coefficients.The water saving method of spring wheat and summer corn is suggested by combining the net irrigation amount and optimum ones got by the model. The current spring wheat and summer corn irrigation modes are assessed using the simulation results, and points out that the current irrigation modes are water-waste. In the end of the thesis a suitable water saving mode is suggested according to the simulation results.更多还原