【作者】 张利永；

【导师】 于子山； 孙军； 刘东艳；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 海洋生物， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 基于2002年8月-2004年3月胶州湾湾外（A）、码头（B）和湾内（C）三个典型站位的稀释实验，本文进行了小型浮游动物（microzooplankton）对浮游植物的摄食研究，分析了浮游植物和小型浮游动物的群落季节演替、浮游植物的内禀生长率、小型浮游动物的摄食率、通过小型浮游动物摄食进入食物网的碳通量、以及小型浮游动物对浮游植物现存量的摄食压力和对潜在初级生产力的摄食压力。 湾外A站共发现浮游植物48属74种，物科丰富度和细胞丰度都以硅藻为主，硅藻主要是一些近岸广布种和暖温带种，浮游植物细胞丰度最高峰出现在7月份，为568.4×10⁶个／m³，最低值出现在11月份，为4.7×10⁶个／m³。小型浮游动物的优势种为急游虫（Strombidium sp．）、百乐拟铃虫（Tintinnopsis beroidea）等，不同月份细胞丰度差别很大，最大值出现在7月份为7720个／L，最低值出现在2月份为160个／L。浮游植物的内禀生长率和小型浮游动物的摄食率，平均值都相对较高，分别为0.59d^-1和0.56d^-1，浮游植物内禀生长率的最大值出现在2月份为1.29d^-1，最小值出现在5月份为0.18d^-1。小型浮游动物摄食率的最大值出现在5月份，为1.47d^-1，最小值出现在1月份，为0.13d^-1。小型浮游动物对浮游植物现存量摄食压力在19.12-177.39％之间，对潜在初级生产力的摄食压力介于33.64-467.48％之间。 码头B站共发现浮游植物48属86种，物种丰富度和细胞丰度都以硅藻为主。浮游植物细胞丰度的变化趋势表现为双周期型，最高峰出现在1-3月份，均值为944.2×10⁶个／m³，次高峰出现在7月份，为305.2×10⁶个／m³，最低值出现在6月份，为7.20x10⁶个／m³，次低值出现在11月份，为16.0×10⁶个／m³。小型浮游动物的优势种有急游虫、小领细壳虫（Stenodemella parvicollis）、百乐拟铃虫、桡足类幼虫（Copepod nauplii），其细胞丰度的最高值出现在3月份，为6680个／L，最低值出现在4月份，为760个／L。浮游植物的内禀生长率和小型浮游动物的摄食率的均值分别为0.50d^-1和0.44d^-1。浮游植物内禀生长率峰值出现在2月份，为1 .12创，最小值出现在11月份，为o.12d-l。小型浮游动物摄食率的最大值出现在2月份，为1.15d一，，最小值出现在9月份，为0.10d一，。小型浮游动物对浮游植物现存量摄食压力的峰值出现在2月份，为209.44%，最小值出现在9月份，为12.47%:对潜在初级生产力的摄食压力的峰值出现在11月份，为309.07%，最小在出现在12月份，为22.57%。 湾内C站共发现浮游植物46属76种，物种丰富度和细胞丰度都以硅藻为主，湾内浮游植物细胞丰度的最大值出现在6月份，为3693.2xl护个/m3，最低值出现在12月份，为44.1、10“个/m」。小型浮游动物的优势种有急游虫、百乐拟铃虫、挠足类幼虫等，其细胞丰度的变化趋势与湾外相似，最大值出现在6月份，为54440个/L，最低值出现在11月份，为920个几。小型浮游动物摄食率的变化趋势是春夏较小，秋冬较大;浮游植物的内察生长率的变化趋势是夏、秋较大，而春、冬较小，分别介于0.02一0.49d一，和。一o.85d一，之间。小型浮游动物对浮游植物现存量的摄食压力较小，在2.84一48.95%之间，对初级生产力的摄食压力变动较大，介于6.55一419.36%之间。 小型浮游动物的摄食率除受本身生物学特性影响外，还与小型浮游动物优势种、海水温度、浮游植物细胞丰度有关。 小型浮游动物对不同粒级浮游植物摄食研究表明，5月份的码头和湾内，小型浮游动物偏好摄食微型浮游植物（ phyt叩lax水ton），在湾外以大细胞的小型浮游植物（micr叩hytoPlar水ton）为主;在8月份小型浮游动物偏好摄食>2林m的微型和小型浮游植物。 同其它海区稀释实验结果相比，本次实验处于中等水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 The herbivorous activities of microzooplankton were estimated by dilution technique from August 2002 to January 2004 in three typical stations A, B, C in the Jiaozhou Bay. Based on these experiments, the phytoplankton species succession, the grazing rates on phytoplankton of microzooplankton, the intrinsic growth of phytoplankton, the grazing pressure on phytoplankton standing stocks, and the gazing pressure on potential primary productivity were measured.There were 74 phytoplankton species found at the station A, which mainly were composed of diatom. The cell abundance of phytoplankton changed dramatically in different month and the maximum value was 568.4 106cells m-3 which appeared in July, while the minimum was 9.7 106cells m-3 which took place in December. Microzooplankton dominant species were Strombidium sp., Tintinnopsis beroidea and so on. The abundance was lowest and averaged 160 ind L-1 for microzooplankton in February, while there was a maximum value (7720ind L-1) in July. The intrinsic growth rate of phytoplankton and the grazing rate of microzooplankton were 0.18-1.29d-1 and 0.13-1.47d-1 respectively. Microzooplankton ingested 19.12-177.39% phytoplankton standing stocks and 33.64-467.48% daily potential primary productivity. The phytoplankton carbon consumed by microzooplankton ranged from 6.02 to 80.07gCL-1d-1.There were 86 phytoplankton species found at the station B, which were mainly composed of diatom too. The cell abundance cf phytoplankton changed greatly in different month at this station and the maximum value was 1362.4 l06cells m-3 which appeared in January, the sub-maximum value in July (305.2 l06 /m3), while the minimum was 17.0xl06cells m-3 which took place in November and the sub-minimum value in November (16.0 l06 /m3). Microzooplankton dominant species were Strombidium sp., Stenodemella parvicollis, Tin’innopsis beroidea and so on. The abundance was lowest and averaged 760 ind L-1 for microzooplankton in April, whilethere was a maximum value (6680 ind L-1) in March. The intrinsic growth rate of phytoplankton and the grazing rate of microzooplankton were 0-1.12d"’ and 0.10-0.15d"’ respectively. Microzooplankton ingested 12.47-209.44% phytoplankton standing stocks and 22.57-309.07% daily potential primary productivity. The phytoplankton carbon consumed by microzooplankton ranged from 5.22 tol39.28(igCL"’d"1.There were 76 phytoplankton species found in the station C, which shared the same trend of the two former stations: phytoplankton community was mainly composed of diatom. The cell abundance of phytoplankton changed dramatically in different month at this station and the maximum value was 3693.2* 106 cells m"3 which appeared in June, while the minimum was 17.0xl06cells m"3 which took place in November. Microzooplankton dominant species were Strombidium sp., Tintinnopsis beroidea, Copepod nauplii and so on. The abundance was lowest and averaged 920 ind L"1 for microzooplankton in November, while there was a maximum value (54440 ind L"1) in June. The intrinsic growth rate of phytoplankton and the grazing rate of micrpzooplankton were 0-0.85d’’ and 0.02-0.49d~’ respectively. Microzooplankton ingested 2.84-48.95% phytoplankton standing stocks and 6.55-419.36% daily potential productivity. The phytoplankton carbon consumed by microzooplankton ranged from 6.60tol51.50ugCL-’d-’.Besides biological factors, sea water temperature, microzooplankton dominant species and phytoplankton cell abundance can effect microzooplankton grazing rate, especially in some special period.Grazing studies on different-size phytoplankton show that microzooplankton prefer ingesting <20p.ni phytoplankton in May inside the Bay and harbor area, while it prefer ingesting >20um phytoplankton outside the Bay. But it seemly prefer ingesting >2um phytoplankton in August in the three stations.Compared with the similar studies in other waters around the world, the grazing pressure of microzooplankton in the Jiaozhou Bay is at the middle levels.更多还原