【作者】 邱睿；

【导师】 李庆忠；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 地球探测与信息技术， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 在地震勘探领域，关于地震垂向分辨率的定义有多种，其中应用范围最广泛的是“瑞利准则”，即一个反射波分辨率的极限是λ／4。但是在生产实践中，当地震工作者运用这一准则去作储层厚度判定时却发现得出的结论往往与实际情况有所偏离。经过深入思考，笔者发现“瑞利准则”的研究对象与真实的地下介质之间有很大的差距，把λ／4定为地震垂向分辨率的极限有可能并不合理，因此本文决定使用一种新的研究方法——构建砂泥岩互层理论模型来研究地震垂向分辨率问题。 本文首先引用了李庆忠院士在其所著的《走向精确勘探的道路》一书中的砂泥岩互层理论模型，在对该模型做定性分析的基础上又设计了一系列的模型实验来做定量分析。本文的定量分析主要凭借：第一，归一化互相关系数——用来描述波阻抗反演曲线与互层模型的相似性；第二，波阻抗反演曲线与模型的直观对比图——用来分析对模型中储层分布的预测准确率。 本文通过充分的定性与定量实验证明：在砂泥岩互层的情况下，波阻抗曲线对厚度为λ／8的储层的预测大致准确；而对厚度等于甚或是大于λ／4的储层，波阻抗曲线的预测虽然更准，但是由于砂泥岩的厚薄多变、组合关系复杂，而地震剖面的有效频宽总是有限的，因此在有效频宽不够宽的情况下，预测准确率仍然无法达到百分之百。因此，本文得出的结论为：第一，要想百分之百的搞准砂泥岩互层的条件是“有效频宽无限宽”；第二，在砂泥岩互层的情况下，将垂向分辨率定义为λ／8更为适宜，而且在一些特殊情况下，垂向分辨率甚至还可以达到λ／10。 此外，对于近来国外流行的薄层勘测的新方法——频谱分解技术，本文也通过砂泥岩互层模型实验作了简单验证。 最后，希望本文所做的这些研究能对实际的勘探工作有所贡献。更多还原

【Abstract】 In seismic prospecting, there are many definitions to describe seismic vertical resolution. Among these definitions, it is the "criterion of Rayleigh" that is applied most widely. But in practice, when the seismologists use the criterion in determining the thickness of thin bed, they find the results usually depart from the real thickness. Thinking of this phenomenon, author finds that the study object of "criterion of Rayleigh" departing from the real medium underground is the key point, and the criterion should be reconsidered. Therefore, author decides to use a newway-construct sand and mud interbed model to study the seismic verticalresolution.First of all, the study refers to a sand and mud interbed model in a monograph named The Way to Obtain a Better Resolution in Seismic Prospecting written by academician Li Qingzhong, then on the basis of quanlitative analysis of the referenced model, author designs a series of model experiments to do quantitative analysis. The quantitative analysis mainly depend on: Firstly, normalized cross-correlationcoefficient-used to describe the similar degree between integrated seismic tracesand model; Secondly, direct comparison between integrated seismic trace and model trace-used to analyze the accuracy of sand bed prediction.Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, author considers that in the case of sand and mud interbed, the impendence trace can approximately predict sand with thickness equalling to ?8; and the impendence traces also can predict sand with thickness equal to or beyond A. /4 more precisely, but, since the thickness and combination of sand and mud interbed are mutative and complex, and the efficient frequency band of seismic section is always limited, so due to the efficient frequency band is not wide enough, , the impendence traces can not predict the true thickness precisely by one hundred percent. Therefore this article come to conclusion: Firstly, the efficient frequency band must be wide enough if youwant to do a precise prediction of sand and mud interbed underground; Secondly, author confirms that the definition of seismic vertical resolution had better use A /8 instead of A /4, and in some special times, vertical resolution even can reach A /10.Furthermore, in allusion to a popular new method of thin bed prospecting abroad-frequency decomposition, the author also does sand and mud interbeded model experiments to test.Finally, the author hopes that these scientific research can do favor to geophysical prospecting.更多还原