【作者】 袁修宝；

【导师】 曾晓起；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 渔业资源， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文以青岛近海马粪海胆为研究对象，通过周年逐月采样，并对样本进行常规渔业生物学测定，利用光镜切片和电镜切片等观测手段，对马粪海胆的生长特性、生殖腺发育周年变化及不同饵料对生长与生殖腺发育的影响进行了研究，以期为马粪海胆的增殖提供科学依据。研究结果如下： 1．壳径（D）、壳高（H）、体重（W）两两之间及生殖腺重（GW）与体重之间有明显的相关关系。其中壳径与体重基本上呈立方关系：W=0.0006D^2.8056（r=0.9269）；壳高与体重呈乘幂关系：W=0.0181H^2.2334（r=0.8545）；壳径与壳高呈明显的线性关系：H=0.6345D-2.2047（r=0.9322）；生殖腺重与体重呈线性关系：GW=0.1801W-0.4554（r=0.7662）。 2．年份不同，青岛海域马粪海胆的生殖腺指数略有差异，不同壳径的生殖腺指数的差异非常明显。大壳径组的海胆在各个月份一般都比小壳径组海胆的生殖腺指数高，壳径越大，其生殖腺指数越高，生殖腺发育成熟越早，且持续时间较长。 3．从壳径分布频率的结果来看，青岛近淘马粪海胆以3龄个体为主，2龄及4龄个体为辅，1龄和5龄个体较少。此结果说明了青岛近海马粪海胆种群各年龄组组成不均衡，资源密度较稀，资源量较少。 4．卵巢发育周期可分为：恢复期（7月上旬-10月中旬）；生长期（10月下旬-翌年1月中旬）；成熟前期（1月下旬-3月上旬）；成熟期（3月中旬-4月中旬）；排放后期（4月下旬-6月下旬）。 5．精巢发育周期可分为：恢复划（7月中旬-10月中旬）；生长期（10月下旬-11月中旬）；成熟前期（11月下旬-翌年1月中旬）；成熟期（1月下旬-5月中旬）；排放后期（5月下旬-7月上旬）。 6．雄海胆群体的生殖腺发育速度快于雌海胆，存在着明显的雄性先成熟现象，且雄性的成熟期明显比雌性要长。 7．海胆精子与其他无脊椎动物的精子一样，属于鞭毛型，其头部包含一个圆锥形的细胞核，前端配有一个小的顶体，还包括4个线粒体、一对中心粒和一根鞭毛。另外在海胆的成熟卵母细胞中还发现了其它无脊椎动物中少有的皮层颗粒。 8.用裙带菜喂养的马粪海胆的重量、壳径、壳高等生长参数的日扩增量均高于孔石药的。另外，从组织学切片看，用裙带菜投喂的海胆的生殖腺发育程度明显优于孔石药。更多还原

【Abstract】 Research on reproductive biology of the Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus is demonstrated in this thesis, on the base of rionthly samples collecting and routine fishery biological observing and measuring for years. The methods applied for measurement are optical microscopy and ebctrical microscopy. The research on Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus involves the following aspects as its growth character, its gonad growth variation and its growth differences affected by different foods. The results can offer valuable reference to multiplication of Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus.The primary results can be described in the following respects as:1. Clear relationships are obtained between shell diameter and shell weight, between shell height and shell weight, between shell diameter and shell height, also between gonad weight and weight. The relationship between shell diameter and weight takes the appearance as W=0.0006D2.8056 ( r=0.9269) ,and relationship between shell height and weight takes the appearance as W=0.0181H2.2334 (r=0.8545) ,and relationship between shell diameter and shell height takes the appearance as H=0.6345D-2.2047 (r=0.9322) ,and relationship between gonad weight and weight takes the appearance as GW=0.1801W - 0.4554 (r=0.7662 ) .2. There is a slightly difference for gonad index in different years for the urchins. And there is an obvious difference for gonad index of sample groups with different shell diameter. Commonly, sample groups with bigger shell diameter have higher gonad index than those with smaller shell diameter. Besides, sample groups with bigger shell diameter mature earlier and last longer than those with smaller shell diameter.3. Urchins at Qingdao nearshore mainly as old 3 years takes on the biggest percentage of the whole group resources, those as old as 2 years and 4 years takes onthe second large percentage, and those younger than 2 years or older than 4 years are exiguous. The result indicates that the urchin resources of Qingdao are imbalance on age structure, and the urchin stock biomass is scarce.4. The developmental cycle of ovary can be carved up: recovery phase (the first ten days of a month of July to the middle ten days of a month of October), growth phase (the last ten day of a month of October to the middle ten days of a month of January), premature phase (the last ten day of a month of January to the first ten days of a month of March), mature phase (the middle ten days of a month of March to the middle ten days of a month of April), late volley phase (the last ten day of a month of April to the last ten day of a month of June).5. The developmental cycle of testis can be carved up: recovery phase (the middle ten days of a month of July to the middle ten days of a month of October), growth phase ( the last ten day of a month of October to the middle ten days of a month of November), premature phase (the last ten day of a month of November to the middle ten days of a month of January), mature phase (the last ten days of a month of January to the middle ten days of a month of May), late volley phase (the last ten day of a month of May to the first ten day of a month of July).6. Gonad of male group develops faster than female group. Male obviously matures earlier than female, and mature time of male group lasts longer than female group.7. Spermatozoa of Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus belong to the type of flagelloform, it has a coniform cell nucleus on its head, a small apical body on its forepart, four mitochondria, a couple of central granules, and a flagellum. Besides, it has cortical granule in its ovary which is singularly in other invertebrate.8. Undaria pinnatifida is more favorable for feeding urchins than Ulvapertusa to have higher growth increment in weight, shell diameter, shell height. And the development degree of gonad fed with Undaria pinnatifida is obvious better than those fed with Ulvapertusa.更多还原