【作者】 肖时秋；

【导师】 谭培文；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 伦理学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 执着的自由主义者哈耶克留给我们的思想是丰富、庞杂而精深的。从理论心理学、经济学、政治理论、伦理学,直到社会法律哲学,其影响力甚至超越时代,连绵不绝。。他的思想的基础或核心可以归结为:知识、自由与秩序。本文拟从他的思想的基础--知识论开始,分析、阐述他的市场秩序经济伦理思想,即哈耶克所主张的市场秩序所具有的自由的善、正义的善,从中得到对我们的启示意义。知识问题是一切思想的基础,哈耶克的知识论是以进化论理性主义为认识进路的,承袭苏格兰启蒙道德哲学家的传统及大卫·休谟、亚当·斯密、亚当·弗格森等的思想。进化论理性主义认为,人的理性是有限的,人类文明的进步不是人的理性的设计的结果;人的知识也是有限的,因而个人不可能掌握设计或控制社会进程所需要的全部知识。哈耶克的知识论基础是建立在他的个人主义的方法论上的,这一方法论贯彻在他的整个思想体系中。在哈耶克看来,知识是分散的,而且无法集中,因此,要想充分利用分散的个人知识,只能建立在人类合作的基础上,而这也是判断社会制度优劣的唯一标准。以自生自发秩序为特点的市场秩序具有这个条件,满足人类合作的需要,因而是目前为止人类所发展出的最优制度。自由和正义是哈耶克的道德观的两个关键概念。人类文明是建立在“人类合作的扩展秩序”的基础上的,这一自生自发的秩序是人之活动的结果而非人之设计的结果。市场秩序是这一秩序扩展过程中慢慢才发展出来的,然而它所具有的创造力是人们无法想象的,现在世界上存在的人口规模和结构都要归功于它。市场秩序以个人自由为基础,同时又是个人自由的保障。竞争的市场秩序能充分利用分散的个人知识,使知识和社会资源达到最充分的利用。市场秩序是自由的市场秩序,是自由社会的基础。市场秩序也是正义的,这种正义不是保证结果的平等,而是保证规则的平等、过程的平等。这种正义的价值是同“社会正义”不相容的。因为,市场是进化的,进化不可能是公正的。哈耶克在对“社会正义”的批判基础上,建立了自由主义的正义观。哈耶克的经济伦理思想,即关于市场秩序的自由的和正义的价值,给我们的不仅是原则性的启示,还具有很强的现实意义。本文分五部分,第一部分阐述哈耶克的思想的基础:知识论及秩序观,并以此为基础进行论述。第二部分论述市场秩序的自由价值。首先阐述哈耶克的自由概念,然后分析哈耶克所主张的市场秩序所具有的自由价值。第三部分论述市场秩序的正义价值。哈耶克的正义观是自由主义的正义观,强调的是规则和过程的平等,在此基础上对“社会正义”进行了批判。第四部分则是分析哈耶克的上述思想对我国正在进行的建立和完善社会主义市场经济体制的启示意义。第五部分是结束语。更多还原

【Abstract】 The thought that persistent liberalist Hayek left for us is abundant , numerous and jumbled and profound. From theory psychology , economics , political theory , ethics, to social legal philosophy, its influence even surmounts era ,and lasts constantly. The foundation or core of his thought can be summed up as knowledge, liberty and order. This paper begins with the foundation of Hayek’s thought, the knowledge theory , explain his economic ethics thought of market order, namely the liberty good and the justice good, that Hayek thought the market order should contain, tries to get an enlightenment meaning for us from it.The Knowledge issue is the foundation of all the thoughts. Hayek’s knowledge thought takes the evolutionism as a clue, adopts the tradition of the thought of Scotland enlightenment moral philosopher David Hume, Adam Smith , Adam Ferguson ,etc, the evolutionism rationalism thought that the reason of the human is limited, and the progress of human civilization is not the result of human’s rational design. The knowledge is also limited, therefore, it is impossible for individual to grasp all the knowledge which design or control the society. Hayek’s knowledge thought is based on his own individualism methodology which exists in his whole ideological system. To Hayek, the knowledge is dispersive , and can’t be centralized. So, if we want to utilize the discrete personal knowledge, can only set up on the basis of the thing that mankind is cooperative, and this is also the only standard to judge the social system. The market order characterized by the spontaneous order, satisfies the condition and meets the demands of human cooperation, it is a optimum system that mankind has developed out at present.Liberty and justice are the two key concepts of Hayek’s moral concept. The human civilization is founded on the basis of “extended order of human cooperation”, and the market order came from the order expansion, it has an inconceivable creativity. The order is based on individual freedom, and it is the guarantee of the individual freedom at the same time. The competitive market order can make full use of the dispersive personal knowledge and the social resource as well. The market order is a free market order, it is the foundation of the liberty society. The market order is also justice, and the justice is not the equality of guaranteeing the results, but guaranteeing the equality of the regulation and the course.; The value of the justice is incompatible with the “social justice”, because the market is evolving, and the evolution can’t be <WP=5>just. Hayek constructed the view of the liberalism justice, on the basis of criticism to the “social justice”.The economic ethics thought of Hayek, namely the value about the freedom and justice of the market order, gives us not only the enlightenment of the principle, but also has a very strong realistic meaning. The dissertation is divided into five parts, the first part explains the foundation of the thought of Hayek, the knowledge theory and the opinion of the order, and carries on an argumentation. The second part discusses about the free value of the market order, Firstly, it illustrates the concept of freedom of Hayek’s, then analyses the value of freedom that the market order includes, which is Hayek insisted. The third part describes the justice value of the market order. Hayek’s view of justice is the liberalism view of justice, it emphasizes, the equality of rule and course, criticizes the “social justice” on the basis of it. The fourth part analyses the enlightenment significance of the above-mentioned thoughts of Hayek to our socialist market economic system. The fifth part is the conclusion remarks.更多还原