【作者】 黄胜；

【导师】 赵修渝；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 产业经济学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 伴随着经济的高速增长,我国的高等教育也进行了大规模的扩招,提前实现了“九五”计划确定的在2010年高等教育毛入学率达到11%的目标,在2000年提前得以实现,而且在2005年将达到15%。这一方面同人力资本理论的广泛影响有关,人力资本理论认为人力资本是推动现代经济增长的首要因素,发达国家的经济增长同其人力资本的积累有极大的关系,相应的,在我国以经济建设为中心,致力于持续发展的政策目标下,大力发展高等教育,提高人力资本存量就成为必然。从另一个方面看,这也是为了缓解我国就业压力的无奈之举,在我国逐渐进入劳动力就业高峰期,劳动参与率偏高等不利因素影响下,为了缓解即期的就业压力,采取了扩招政策,将部分就业人员的就业年限延后。这就造成了在四年过后,高校本科毕业就业难度提高,初次就业率下降等问题,同时伴生了考研热、留学热等现象。本文从人力资本理论出发,着重运用人力资本后续理论如筛选理论、劳动力市场分割理论等分析我国高校毕业生就业形势,主要从高校毕业生就业市场的供给、需求和市场机制等三个方面着手,在总结我国高等教育专业设置机制的基础上,研究了扩招对我国高校毕业生就业市场带来的供给总量和供给结构方面的压力;高等教育资源依附所造成的供给结构压力;我国经济增长的特殊性造成的就业增长乏力对毕业生就业造成的需求压力;高校毕业生就业市场不完备对毕业生就业的影响等。最后,根据这些存在的问题提出相应的政策建议。本文的结论揭示了在当前高校扩招和宏观就业形势严峻的情况下,要全面改善毕业生就业,需要从两个方面着手,一是改革高等教育的运行机制,提高高校管理和办学的社会回应度,二是提供一个有利于促进就业的国家政策环境,使扩招带来的巨大人力资本存量能够在促进经济持续、快速增长中充分的发挥作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Following the rapid growth of economics, and the enlarging the enrollment of higher education, the enrollment rate of higher education expands very fast. The higher education enrollment rate archived the 11%’s goal ahead of schedule, and will archive 15% in 2005. As the core theory of education economics, human capital theory has a great influence in the change. It believes the human capital is the prime factor of economic growth, and development of advanced countries is highly related to accumulation in human capital, accordingly, it is necessary to increase human capital accumulation when china advocate in sustainable economic growth. On the other hand, it is a countermeasure to relieve the employment pressure. Facing disadvantages such as peak of labor in the right age, and high working participating rate, government took enlarging enrollment of higher education as countermeasure to reduce immediate employ pressure; as a result, it hardened the employ situation of graduate students four years later.Basing on human capital theory and its follow-up theories such as screening theory and segmented labor market theory, this article discusses graduate’s market supplying and demanding mechanism, and specialty determining mechanism of higher education. It researches the supplying pressure from enrollment expansion and resource attachment of higher education, the demanding pressure from low relativity between rate of employment and rate of economic growth, the disadvantage of imperfect employ market, and provided corresponding countermeasure.To conclude, the article shows under the circumstance of high enrollment rate and low employment rate, we have two ways to improve graduate employment, the first is to reform the management system of college, increase its response to social demands, the second is to focus national Industrial policy on rate of employment, and make a better use of the increasing accumulation of human capital from enrollment expansion.更多还原