【作者】 袁宇；

【导师】 陈泳章；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 计算机软件与理论， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 分布式组件系统是一类重要的应用软件，为了提高这类软件产品的质量，必须开展充分有效的测试。但是分布式技术和组件技术的结合为软件测试带来了许多新的困难，所以必须采用新的方法和技术来满足测试的需要。 在分布式组件系统中，组件之间通过中间件的支持进行互相通信，协作完成特定的功能，状态及状态转换是系统表现出来的重要特征。UML状态图和各种扩展类型的状态机被广泛用于组件系统动态行为的建模。在基于规约的软件测试当中，设计阶段得到的状态模型是软件测试生成的重要基础。 本文提出了利用UML状态图和通信状态机模型对分布式组件系统实施集成测试的策略，它是一种基于规约的软件测试方法，测试过程中有效地引入了形式化技术。文章首先总结了基于规约的软件测试理论及其发展现状；然后对分布式组件系统模型，特别是UML状态图模型进行了讨论，指出了UML状态图在表达上的局限；之后通过引入通信状态机，对组件系统的状态特征进行准确建模，并在它的基础上构造集成状态机模型，作为集成测试序列生成的基础；最后，根据分布式组件系统集成测试的目的提出了集成状态机的测试需求，并分别针对通信覆盖和约束覆盖，实现了测试序列的自动生成。 论文的主要贡献是在基于规约的软件测试理论基础上，提出了基于状态的分布式组件系统的集成测试策略，并将形式化方法融入了软件测试过程之中。这项探索性的工作对于软件测试方法的改进以及软件测试自动化具有一定的理论和实践意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Distributed Component System (DCS) is an impotant kind of application of recent years. In order to guarentee the quality of this kind of software, sufficient and effective testing must be taken. However, distributed system and component-based software bring many difficultes for software testing. We must take new methods to deal with the problems in testing DCS.In DCS, distributed components communicate and collabrrate via the middleware to fulfil functions of a system. States and their transitons are key charactors of DCS. Usually the UML statecharts and extended state machines are used to model the dynamic behavior of the system. For the specification based software testing, these state modles are used to generate test suite.This paper proposes a methodology of state-based integration testing for DCS, formal methods are introduced into the process of testing. Firstly, we summerized the methods of specification-based software testing. Then models and ways to define software behavior are presented, especially the UML and UML communicating statecharts. Thirdly , we introduced the communicating state machines to gennerate a more precise and formal model for DCS. Based on CSM, we derive the system global state model for integration testing; Finally, we discussed the test requirements of integration testing of DCS, and transition series for testing are generated based on communication coverage and constraint coverage.The main contribution of this paper is that we introdued the methodology of state-based integration testing for distributed component system, and formal method was combined into software testing effectively. This work will contribute a lot in the practice and theory of software testing.更多还原