【作者】 杨运国；

【导师】 熊小伏；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 电气工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 继电保护系统是电网的重要组成部分，与电网的安全稳定运行有着十分密切的关系。继电保护是一个系统，涉及电力系统的方方面面，应该用系统的全局的观点和方法来考虑有关继电保护的问题，才能使继电保护真正起到“电网卫士”的作用。 现代电力系统对继电保护提出了更高的要求，近年来美国和欧洲的大停电事故也都暴露出了电力系统后备保护中存在的缺陷，传统阶梯形时限原则整定的后备保护己不能满足电网安全稳定运行的需要，加强主保护，或者压缩后备保护动作时限的方法不能很好地解决这一问题。论文针对这一问题，提出构建快速后备保护系统，对实现快速后备保护系统的关键技术进行了深入研究，使之可以加快电网后备保护动作速度，优化继电保护系统的整体性能，提高电网运行水平。 论文的主要内容有： (1) 分析了电力系统后备保护的现状，发现阶梯形时限整定原则容易导致后备保护动作时间较长，不能满足现代电力系统安全稳定运行需要，提出构建快速后备保护系统，以某变电站为原型设计了系统的结构方案，对快速后备保护的软硬件系统进行了初步的设计，分析了快速后备保护系统的功能特点。 (2) 通过对微机保护中常用突变量启动元件的分析讨论，提出利用小波原理构成保护系统的启动元件。通过仿真验证了利用小波原理构成的微机保护启动元件，可以提高启动元件的灵敏度及其动作速度，从而改善快速后备保护系统的整体性能。 (3) 较为详细地比较讨论了近二十年来理论和实际应用研究比较多的故障分量方向元件、基于行波原理的方向元件和能量函数方向元件等。提出在快速后备保护系统中采用反应故障序分量的方向元件。 (4) 针对故障序分量方向元件，论文深入研究了序分量的快速准确提取方法，通过分析滤序算法的频率响应特性，指出某些滤序器本身已具有一定的滤波能力，在此基础上提出了根据滤序频率响应特性设计数字滤波器的思想，推导了滤序滤波结合算法。更多还原

【Abstract】 The relay protection system is an important part of power network, and has a very close relation with the security and stabilization of the power network. Relay protection system relates to many aspects of power system, and should be considered with the systemic and global view, then it is possible for relay protection to play the function of "guarder of power network".The modern power system has put forward higher request for relay protection, and the large scale blackouts happened in U.S.A. and Europe in recent years have exposed the defects of backup protection. It is found that time setting following step principle for back-up protection can’t meet the need of operating safely and steadily in power network, and strengthening the main protection or compressing the operating time of back-up protection can not settle the problem absolutely. Aiming at the problem, the thesis proposes the fast operating back-up protection(FBP) system, and researches on the key technology to realize FBP which can accelerate the operation speed of the back-up protection in the power network, optimize the integral performance of relay protection system, and improve the operation level of power network.The main contents of the thesis are as following:(1) The situations of back-up protection in power system are analyzed. Setting backup protection according to step principle will always lead to long fault clearing time of relays in backbone network as well as power plants, and further a threat against security of power network. Therefore, this thesis presents a new idea of fast operating backup protective relay system. Basic structure and operation principle of this FBP system in a substation are described, the hardware-software system of the FBP system is designed, and the functions of the FBP system are analyzed.(2) Through discussing the pickup unit of abrupt signals used commonly in the microprocessor-based protection, the thesis proposes the pickup unit of relay protection by the principle of wavelet analysis. By simulation, the results show that this method can enhance the sensibility and operating speed of pickup unit, improve the integral performance of the FBP system.(3) The directional relays based on fault components, traveling wave and energy function are discussed in detail, which are studied and used widely in the past 20years. On this basis, the thesis adopts the directional relay based on the sequence faultcomponents in the FBP system.(4) To the directional relay based on the sequence fault components, the extraction method of the sequence fault components accurately and quickly is studied, by analyzing the frequency responses of the algorithm of filtering sequence component. The thesis indicates that the algorithm of filtering sequence component has the ability of harmonic filtering, on this basis, the paper provides an idea to design the digital filter, and the algorithm of digital filter has been developed.更多还原