【作者】 龚增彬；

【导师】 张仕廉；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 国以农为本,民以农为根。农业是我国国民经济的基础部门,农业问题的核心是土地问题,土地制度安排如何,是影响经济成长和农业发展的重要条件,甚至是关键因素。经过20多年的改革,我国已确立了以家庭承包责任制为主的新型农村土地制度,给农业生产注入了活力。但随着社会经济的发展,现行农村土地制度中的不合理因素也日渐凸现出来,诸如集体土地所有权性质模糊、所有权主体缺位、所有权权能残缺、承包经营权具有债权性质、集体土地流转不畅等等,正成为制约我国农村经济进一步发展和农村社会稳定的障碍因素。尤其是加入WTO以后,国际农业市场的激烈竞争,给我国现行的土地制度和经营体制提出了新的考验和要求。本文正是在对当前我国农村土地制度进行深刻反思和认真总结的基础上,针对其缺陷,对土地制度的改革方向和发展趋势进行了积极的探索,运用物权理论对集体土地进行物权化构建。在本文论述了中,首先对物权制度和物权在我国的发展进行了介绍;其次总结了我国农村集体土地制度存在的问题;最后根据农村集体土地物权化构建的原则构建我国农村集体土地制度。农村集体土地物权构建的基本框架包括:集体土地所有权物权构建;集体土地用益物权构建;集体土地担保物权构建。在所有权方面,在坚持农村土地集体所有前提下,明确农村集体所有权主体及所有权的行使代表,保障所有权人的权利,严格限制国家征用土地的范围和条件,强化集体土地使用权。在用益物权方面,对农用地,改土地承包经营权为农地使用权。对非农用地运用基地使用权进行物权化构建。在担保物权方面,为了给农村引资,提供资金来源,而对集体土地进行担保物权构建,允许集体土地依法进行抵押。更多还原

【Abstract】 Agriculture, which is the basic department of China, is the country and the dumb millions. Land problem is the key of agriculture. It is the important issue and key factor that how to arrange the land system. After 20 years development and system reform, the new rural land system has been formed which infuses energy into agriculture production. With the development of society and economy, the unreasonable factors such as illegibility of collective land proprietary, default of proprietary of principal part, deformity of right of proprietary, characteristic for creditor’s rights of contract and management, problems in the progress of collective land transition etc. in present rural land system has appeared, which has come into being the obstacles of further development of rural economy and steady of rural society. Especially after the China’s entry into WTO, the drastic competition in the international commodities market brings new challenge to China’s present land system and management system. This dissertation, aiming at the default of the system, would discuss the way of reform of land system and the development trend on the basis of rethinking China’s rural land system and relative. As a result, the real right of collective land will be established by using the theory of real right. In the discussion of this dissertation, the system of real right and its development in China would be introduced firstly. Secondly, the problems in the rural collective land system would be discussed and finally the advice of establishing the new rural collective land system would be given according to the principals of establishing the real right of rural collective land.The basic framework of the rural collective land proprietary right should include the establishment of the proprietorship,the usufruct and the security interest of collective land..For the proprietary right, on the basis of adhering to the collective proprietorship of rural land, the principal part and its representatives of proprietary of rural collective land should be made certain. Meanwhile, to ensure the rights of proprietor and strengthen the proprietary of rural collective land, the scope and conditions for the nation to expropriate collective land should be limited strictly.For the land usufruct, the operation right of farm land should be transformed into land usufruct and usufruct of collective construction land should be established base usufruct。 <WP=6>For the security interest, to boost investment in the country, the security interest of collective land should be formed and the land should be allowed to be mortagaged according to the law.更多还原