【作者】 赵吉诗；

【导师】 田建华；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 应用化学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)具有轻便、高效的优点,被认为是 21 世纪电动车最理想的能源装置之一。但是由于其材料和制备成本很高,阻碍了实现其产业化生产和应用,因此,降低电池成本、提高电池性能已经成为 PEMFC 研究的中心课题。膜电极(MEA)是 PEMFC 的核心组件,其性能直接影响到了电池的性能。本论文在优化 MEA 传统制备方法的基础上,探索了新型三合一电极的制备技术。与传统的五合一膜电极相比较,新型三合一膜电极具有更好的电化学性能,特别是以低 Pt 载量制备膜电极。为了优化膜电极中催化层的结构,尝试在催化层中加入造孔剂。论文对造孔剂的组成、含量对电极性能的影响进行了的详细研究。结果表明,NH4HCO3作为造孔剂能改善催化层结构,提高膜电极中Pt 的利用率,进而提高电极性能。论文初步探讨了造孔剂的作用机理。论文还对膜电极的增湿技术作了初步的研究。Pt/C 电催化剂价格昂贵且有一定的使用寿命,实现 Pt/C 电催化剂的循环使用对降低电池制备成本具有十分重要的意义。本论文研究了废 Pt/C 电催化剂的回收技术,以回收得到的 Pt 为原料采用浸渍法制备了 Pt/C 电催化剂,并采用 X 射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜测试(TEM)、循环伏安法(CV)、以及 MEA 极化曲线等测试技术对其性能进行了表征。进口电极制备材料虽然性能优良,但是价格昂贵。目前国内电极材料的研究已经取得一定的成效,本论文对国产质子交换制备膜电极的工艺(包括温度、成型压力等)进行了研究,并与进口膜的性能进行了比较。更多还原

【Abstract】 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) has someoutstanding merits such as cleanness and high efficiency. It has beenregarded as the most ideal energy of the future electric vehicles. But itsindustrialization is restricted by the high preparation cost. Therefore it ismore and more urgent to reduce its cost and enhance its performance.Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) is the key components ofPEMFC. In this paper, we optimized the traditional method of MEApreparation and did some primary studies about the humidification ofMEA. Then we explored the new preparation method, which couldproduce new electrodes with better performance. Further more, westudied the effects of the pore-forming substances on the electrode. Itrevealed that the pore-forming substances could increase the utilizationefficiency of the Pt/C electro-catalyst and improve the performance ofthe cells. The mechanism of pore-forming was discussed for the firsttime in this paper.It is known that platinum is one kind of noble metal and the Pt/Celectro-catalyst has high price and finite utilization life. In order todecrease the preparation cost of PEMFC, we studied to recycle the Pt/Celectro-catalyst. We researched the performance of the reclaimedcatalyst in virtue of some techniques such as XRD, TEM, CV andelectrochemistry test of MEA.The foreign material has high performance, but it’s expensive. Westudied the how MEA shape pressure and MEA shape temperatureinfluenced the electrode performance, at the same time we compared theelectrode made of the domestic PEM polarization performance with theforeign one.更多还原