绍兴鸭生产性能及其影响因素的研究

【作者】 陈海燕；

【导师】 傅衍； 叶挺梅；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 动物遗传育种， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究估测了125羽60日龄的绍兴鸭血液中的总蛋白(TP)、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)的含量和谷草转氨酶(GOT)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)的活性与3个产蛋性状(300日总蛋数、300日总蛋重、平均蛋重)的表型相关，再分别以3个产蛋性状为依变量对60日龄的性状相关进行了通径分析，为绍兴鸭的早期选育提供科学依据。相关分析结果表明：60日龄绍兴鸭血液中OPT与300日总蛋数、300日总蛋重的表型相关为中等程度相关(0.5274、0.6234)，与平均蛋重的表型相关为强相关(0.6733)，都达极显著水平(P＜0.01)。TP与3个产蛋性状的表型相关为弱相关(0.2067、0.2629、0.3026)，但都达显著水平(P＜0.05)。通径分析结果为：GPT对3个产蛋性状的正直接影响均较大(0.5275、0.6109、0.6395)。 对绍兴鸭的产蛋、生长和血液3组性状的9个变量进行了典型相关分析。结果表明：产蛋和生长性状间以及生长和血液性状间的第一个典型相关系数达极显著水平，分别占总相关的99.23％和90.86％；产蛋和血液性状间第一个典型相关系数达显著水平，占总相关的97.99％。其典型相关系数依次为：0.8422、0.4149和0.4369。在这些性状中起主要作用的性状有：平均蛋重、30日龄体重、60日龄体重及60日龄血液中GPT的活性。 以125羽绍兴鸭母鸭为研究材料，对其产蛋性能(300日龄总蛋数、300日龄总蛋重和平均蛋重)的资料进行方差分析和最小二乘平均数估计。结果表明：体重和场地对三个产蛋性状的影响、GPT对300日龄总蛋重和平均蛋重的影响、TP对平均蛋重的影响均达到极显著水平(P＜0.01)。GPT对300日龄总蛋数的影响和总蛋白对300日龄总蛋重的影响达显著水平(P＜0.05)。3个产蛋性状固定模型的决定系数分别为：0.58、0.75、0.84。 对试验鸭测定所得的血液生化指标应用线性模型进行方差分析和最小二乘平均数估计，试验用鸭来自康贝尔鸭和绍兴鸭的4个品系(绍白高产系、绍白大蛋系、绍红高产系、绍红大蛋系)。结果表明：场地、品种(系)、日龄及性别对TP含量的影响、场地对GOT活性的影响、品种(系)对GPT活性的影响及场地和品种(系)对IGF-Ⅰ含量的影响均极显著(P＜0.01)；品种(系)和日龄的互作效应对TP含量的影响及品种(系)和性别的互作效应对GOT活性的影响达显著水平(尸<0 .05);品种(系)、日龄、性别和体重对GOT活性的影响及日龄对GPT活性和工GF一I含量的影响也达显著水平(尸<0.05)。血液生化指标的最小二乘平均数分别为:TP60.81士12.63(mg/ml):GOT 99.97士51.58(Karmen);GpT 72.63士44.84(Karmen);IGF一1 1 16.84士33.52(ng/ml)。 用认七od模型拟合了绍兴鸭、卡基一康贝尔鸭和高邮鸭3个品种68周龄的产蛋率资料，3个品种鸭拟合的留值(拟合度)分别为:0.6098、0.5338和0.7935。研究结果可为蛋鸭的早期选育、饲养管理及研究其产蛋规律提供科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 125 Shaoxing Ducks at the age of 60 days were used to estimate the phenotypic correlations between contents of the Insulin-like Growth ’Factor- I (IGF- I ), contents of the total protein (TP), activity of Glutamat-Oxaloacetat-Transaminase (GOT), activity of Glutamat-Pyruvat- Transferase (GPT) and the three laying traits (total eggs of 300 days, total egg weight of 300 days, the average egg weight) respectively. Treating the three laying traits as dependent variables, path analysis proceeded for in trait correlation of 60 days. The result indicated that the blood GPT had middle correlations with total eggs of 300 days (0.5274), total egg weight of 300 days (0.6234), strong correlations with the average egg weight (0.6395). The correlation coefficients were highly significant (P<0.01=TP had weak correlations with the three laying traits (0.2067, 0.2629, 0.3026). and they were all significantP< 0.05). The results of path analysis showed: that GPT had great positive effects on the three laying traits (0.5275, 0.6109, 0.6395).Canonical correlation of 9 variables in 3 group-traits (laying, growth and blood trait) for was studied. The results showed that the first coefficient of canonical correlation between the laying and the growth, as well as the growth and the blood trait, was highly significant. The canonical correlation coefficients were 0.8422 and 0.4149, they represented 99.23% and 90.86% of the total correlation respectively. The first coefficient of canonical correlation between the laying and the blood trait was 0.4369. It was significant and expressed 97.99% of the total correlation. The average egg weight, the body weight at D30, the body weight at D60 and the activity of GPT at D60 were the main traits for the contribution.A analysis of variance and estimation of least squares means based on the data of 125 ducks laying performances (total eggs of 300 days , total egg weight of 300 days, the average egg weight), indicated that the influence of the fixed effects of body weight and location on 3 traits of laying, GPT on total egg weight of 300 days and the average egg weight, TP on the average egg weight were all highly significant ( P< 0. 01) . The effect of GPT on total eggs of 300 days and TP on total egg weight of 300 days were significant (P < 0. 05) . The deciding coefficient of 3 traits of laying were 0.58, 0.75 and 0.84 respectivelyKhaki-Campbell duck and 4 strains of Shaoxing duck (Shaobai of high production strain, Shaobai of large egg strain, Shaohong of high production strain, Shaohong of large egg strain) were studied for the analysis of variance and estimation of least squares means based on the data of following blood biochemical parameters: TP, GPT, GOT and IGF- I . The result indicated that the influence of the fixed effects of location, breed(strain), age and sex on the TP, the effect of location on the GOT , the effect of breed (strain) on the GPT as well as the effect of location and breed(strain) on the IGF- I were all highly significant (PO.01). The effect of interaction between breed (strain) and age on TP as well as between breed (strain) and sex on GOT were significant. The significant effects were also estimated for the breed(strain), age, sex and body weight on GOT as well as the age on GPT and IGF- I . The least squares means (LSM) were calculated for TP ( 60.81 + 12.63 mg/ml), GOT (99.97 + 51.58 Karmen), GPT (72.63 + 44.84 Karmen)and IGF- I (116.84 +33.52 ng/ml).The laying rate at the age of 68 weeks of 3 breeds, ( Shaoxing duck, Khaki-Campbell duck and Gaoyou duck), were fitted by Wood Model. The R2 values of these fitting were 0.6098, 0.5338 and 0.7935. The result will provide scientific basis for the selection, feeding management and study of laying pattern in duck.更多还原