【作者】 闫毅志；

【导师】 把多铎；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 水利水电工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 水库库区环境影响因子是复杂多变的，并且各个因子之间又相互作用和影响。环境影响是指修建水库后可能引起的物理、化学、生物、社会经济环境系统的任何改变或新的环境条件的生成。水库库区环境影响评价就是对拟修建水库工程实施后可能对环境产生的影响进行系统性的识别、预测和评价。本文对水库库区环境影响评价的研究包括以下几个方面：1．环境影响评价体系的建立环境影响系统是由许多环境因子组成的复杂系统，应用层次分析法，将评价目标按其属性分解成若干个子系统，并对子系统逐一的分解为若干个可判断的环境因子，使之形成从最高层到最低层逐层起着支配作用的多层结构，定性分析和描述了环境组成对环境的主要影响。本文评价体系由环境总体、环境子系统、环境组成和环境因子四个层次组成。2．环境影响评价模型的建立应用环境专家评价系统，确定同层次中诸要素的相对重要性，使同层因素之间建立比较链条，构造判断矩阵，通过计算判断矩阵的特征向量得出比较因子的相对重要性，即权重。接着根据模糊集理论建立模糊评价模型，此模型是对受多种影响因子的事物做出全面评价的一种有效决策方法。3．龙滩水电站环境影响评价在充分分析龙滩水电站环境影响因子的基础上，建立了环境影响评价体系，确定了各等级影响因子的权重，用模糊综合评价法对龙滩水电站的环境影响进行评价。结论是：龙滩水电站对环境影响只是一般，不会造成较大的环境变化，但是，龙滩水电站对水质、河道淤积、鱼类回游以及库区移民方面有较大影响，在环境保护设计时应做充分考虑。更多还原

【Abstract】 The environmental impact factors are complicate and variable in reservoir area, and these factors are inter-influential. Environmental impact is probable changes of physics, chemistry, organism and social economy in environmental system after construction reservoir, or a new environmental creation. Environmental impact assessment recognizes, forecasts, and assesses to environmental system after practicing the planning construction reservoir. Environmental impact assessment for the reservoir area studied in this thesis includes three following aspects.1. Establishment of environmental impact assessment systemEnvironmental system is a complicate system and composes a lot of factors .On the basis of a systematical separate principle, assessment aim is separated a certain second-system, and those second-system are re-separated a certain environmental factors. The whole system forms a multi-level structure model from highest level to lowest level. Assessment system in this thesis is made of four levels, namely environmental totality, environmental second-system, environmental component and environmental factor.2. Establishment of environmental impact assessment modelRelative importance of environmental factors is defined by application of environmental expert system, structuring judgment matrix. On the basis of fuzzy gather theory, the model of multi-fuzzy comprehensive assessment is constructed. The fuzzy comprehensive assessment to suffering impact factors is a method of effective policy decision of full assessment.3. Environmental impact assessment to Longtan hydropower stationBase on full analysis environmental impact factors to Longtan hydropower station, the environmental impact assessment system is constructed, defining weight of impact factors of levels. Application of fuzzy comprehensive assessment method is to assess environmental <WP=7>impact of Longtan hydropower station. According to assessment result, Longtan hydropower station to environmental impact is only common, and don’t bring about stronger environmental changes. However, Longtan hydropower station still creates stronger environmental changes in water quality, river depositing, fish swimming and emigrant, which are fully thought over in environmental protection design.更多还原