【作者】 胡想顺；

【导师】 赵惠燕；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 麦蚜是重要的世界性小麦害虫,小麦抗蚜育种是小麦病虫害综合治理(IPM)的重要措施之一。本文应用单管单株单蚜饲养法,对三种麦蚜在十个小麦品种(材料)上的生物学参数和在其中三个品种间转移后的生物学参数与为害系数进行了研究,并应用EPG技术对这三个品种的抗蚜部位进行了定位,同时对国外引进的4个抗蚜小麦品种在我国的田间抗蚜性表现进行了观察。结果表明:参试品种的十个小麦品种中,98-10-32、98-10-35、小偃-22、Astron、Xanthos、Ww2730、98-10-30与Amigo均抗麦长管蚜(Sitobion avenae Fab.) ,186Tm次之,Batis的抗蚜性最差。对禾谷缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus)的抗性水平可以大体归类:小偃-22、Astron、Ww2730的抗性较好,Batis、98-10-30、186Tm的抗性较差,其他品种的抗性处在二者之间。对麦二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)的抗性表现为:Amigo最强,Batis较强,98-10-32、98-10-35、Xanthos次之,其他5个品种较弱,且差异不显著。综合比较可知,Amigo、98-10-32、98-10-35、Xanthos对三种蚜虫的抗蚜性均较好,小偃-22、Astron、Ww2730对麦长管蚜和禾谷缢管蚜的抗性较好,但对麦二叉蚜的抗性却较差,为水平抗性品种。98-10-30对麦长管蚜的抗性较好,但对麦二叉蚜和禾谷缢管蚜的抗性却较差,Batis对麦二叉蚜的抗性较好,但对麦长管蚜和禾谷缢管蚜的抗性却较差,为垂直抗性品种。麦长管蚜(S. Avenae)除从小偃-22转移到Batis上时适应性表现出不一致外,在参试的3个品种的其它组合间转移时均表现趋于适应转移品种。禾谷缢管蚜(R. padi)在同一品种上繁殖5-7代后,趋向于不适应该品种,从抗性较强的材料上转移到抗性显著弱的材料上时,趋向于不适应转移品种,但在抗性水平相当的品种间转移时,情况却相反。说明同一品种对禾谷缢管蚜(R. padi)的抗性随繁殖代数的增加有累加效应。麦二叉蚜(S. graminum)各项生物学指标不仅在同一参试品种间转移时其适应性逐渐增强,在不同的抗性品种间也是如此。EPG参数比较及抗性定位研究表明,小偃-22对麦长管蚜(S. Avenae)的抗性部位位于韧皮部;Ww2730的抗性部位在细胞壁;Batis和Ww2730的抗性与组织机械阻力有关。Batis的抗性部位还与韧皮部有关。Ww2730对禾谷缢管蚜(R. padi)的抗性因子在薄壁组织中;小偃-22的抗性部位在韧皮部;Batis的抗性部位位于韧皮部和细胞壁。 <WP=10>引进品种对麦长管蚜(S. Avenae)的田间抗虫性表现为:Amigo、Astron、Xanthos的田间综合抗性较好,可作为抗蚜材料,Batis稍差。更多还原

【Abstract】 Breeding resistant wheat vanities is a important link of integrated pest management (IPM) on wheat diseases and insect, In order to illustrate wheat aphids, which a serious pest insect group of wheat in worldwide wheat growing area, response on different resistance wheat varieties (source). The biological performance of 3 species wheat aphids (Sitobion avenae Fab, Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)) on 10 winter wheat varieties (source): 98-10-32, 98-10-35, 98-10-30, 186Tm, Xiaoyan-22 (come from Chinese), Astron, Ww2730, Batis, Xanthos (come from German), Amigo (come from American), and the biological performance and transfer index of these 3 species aphids transfer to among 3 winter wheat varieties: Ww2730,Xiaoyan-22,Batis had been studying used the way of single tube plant one wheat seedling and breeding one aphid in laboratory conditions, 3 German resistant wheat varieties resistance to aphids(S.avenae is dominant group) in field also had been examined in Guanzhong area, Shannxi province ,R.P China. Used electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique, the resistance aphid parts of 2 species aphids: S.avenae and R. padi, in 3 wheat varieties resistance aphids also had been ascertained. The result show as follows:There are 98-10-32, 98-10-35, Xiaoyan -22, Astron, Xanthos, Ww2730, 98-10-30 and Amigo that best resistant wheat varieties (source) to S. avenae, they better than Batis and 186Tm in 10 wheat varieties, Batis has worst resistance to S. avenae;There are Xiaoyan-22, Astron and Ww2730 that better resistance to R. padi, wheat varieties Batis, 98-10-30, 186Tm are weak resistance to R. padi, other wheat varieties’ resistance to R. padi in the middle of 10 wheat varieties;Amigo has the best resistance to S. Graminum, Batis is better, 98-10-32, 98-10-35, Xanthos is good, other 5 varieties is weak, and the difference does not show significance.Synthesize to show: Amigo、98-10-32、98-10-35 and Xanthos have good resistance to all 3 species aphids, they are level resistance varieties. Xiaoyan-22、Astron、Ww2730 have good resistance to S. Avenae and R. padi, but have weak resistance to S. Graminum, 98-0-30 has good resistance to S. Avenae, but has weak resistance to R. padi and S. Graminum, Batis has good resistance to S. Graminum, but has weak resistance to S. Avenae and R. padi.The tendency of S.avenae adaptability rise in the being transferred variety after breeding 4-6 generation on other or same resistant wheat variety, except transferred from Xiaoyan-22 to Batis, it is show adaptability rise in the MRGR, development days and fecundity, but on the contrary, weight different showed adaptability drop.The tendency of R. padi adaptability drop in the resistance variety after breeding 5-7 generation and transfers on same resistant wheat variety, It is just like this situation what R. <WP=12>padi had been transfered from a better resistant wheat variety to another resistant wheat variety, which resistance level significance different with first wheat variety. But this tendency is unconspicuous when R. padi had been transferred between two wheat varieties that be on an equality with resistance level and had been transferred from wheat variety resistance level weaker to the variety resistance level significant high it.The tendency of S. Graminum adaptability rises in the resistance variety after breeding 4-6 generation on the resistant wheat variety and then transferred each other.Variety resistance to aphid on 3 wheat varieties, which come from German had been evaluated in field of China, it’s showed that Amigo, Astron and Xanthos have the best resistance in our country field, the aphid population on this varieties less than Xiaoyan-22 significantly. But the time of reaping of these Astron, Xanthos and Batis are late 1 mouth than other wheat varieties that widespread had been planting in our country, so they could use as resistant source in our country.EPG recorded feeding behave and resistance parts ascertained showed:The resistance parts of Xiaoyan-22 resistance to S.avenae o更多还原