【作者】 殷素梅；

【导师】 张锋； 朱海燕；

【作者基本信息】 云南师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 目前有关药物成瘾过程已形成多个理论模型，其中以诱因-易感化模型最具整合性。根据这一模型，易感化对药物成瘾者神经认知功能具有重要影响，由于易感化的形成，与药物相关的刺激就会变为强大的诱因，吸引成瘾者的过度注意，表现为对药物的强烈渴求。近年来，注意偏差概念的提出为揭示成瘾行为的认知机制提供了有益工具，也为评价药物渴求感的作用提供了客观的行为指标。本研究测量了处于不同康复时相内的海洛因戒除者对海洛因相关线索的注意偏差，旨在考察处于戒除期的海洛因成瘾者的注意机能及其变化规律，探讨注意偏差作为海洛因戒除者康复效果指标的可能性。 本研究包括两个实验。实验一采用情绪性Stroop范式，考察不同康复时相内海洛因戒除者对中性词汇及海洛因相关正性词汇和负性词汇的注意偏差及其变化规律。实验二采用Probe Detection范式，同样以中性词汇及海洛因相关正性词汇和负性词汇作为注意提示线索，考察不同康复时相内海洛因戒除者的注意转移偏差及其变化规律。本研究获得以下主要结论： 1 海洛因戒除者存在着对海洛因相关词汇的注意偏差、注意的时间转移和空间转移困难。 2 在情绪性Stroop范式下，海洛因戒除者的注意偏差在总康复时程内具有逐渐好转的趋势，并表现出对海洛因的渴求感逐渐减弱，对海洛因的回避感逐渐提升的倾向，但改善的效果不明显。 3 在Probe Detection范式下，在总康复时程内，海洛因戒除者针对有效提示线索的注意时间转移机能和针对无效提示线索的注意空间转移机能均有显著改善。 4 在Probe Detection范式下，空间探测符辨别反应时指标对于评定不同康复时相被试的注意空间转移机能的改善不敏感，但返回抑制量是评定不同康复时相被试的注意空间转移机能改善的有效指标。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are several theoretical models concerning drug addiction process presently. Among them, the incentive-sensitization model is the most integrative. According to this model, sensitization has important influence on neural cognitive function of drug addicts. Owing to the forming of sensitization, the neutral stimuli become salient incentives and it is able to grab overage attention of addicts, which is shown by intense craving for drug. Recently, the construction of the concept of attentional bias has provided an available tool for revealing cognitive mechanism of addiction, and offered an objective behavioral index for evaluating the role of drug craving. The present study measured heroin abstinents’ attentional bias for heroin-related cues in different healing phases to explore the attentional function and its change tendency of heroin addicts in abstinence phase, and discussed the probability that attentional bias served as the index of healing effect of heroin abstinents.Two experiments were carried out in this study. In the first experiment, we explored the heroin abstinents’ attentional bias and its change tendency for neutral words, heroin-related positive and negative words in different healing phases by the emotional Stroop pattern, In the second experiment, we used neutral words, heroin-related positive and negative words as the attentional cues to explore the heroin abstinents’ attentional bias and its change tendency by the Probe Detection pattern. The following conclusions could be drawn from our experiments:1. Attentional bias, the difficulty of shifting of attention in space and time for heroin-related words occurred to heroin abstinents.2. hi the emotional Stroop pattern, heroin abstinents’ attentional bias tended to be gradually better, their heroin craving descended and heroin avoiding enhanced in the total healing period, but the improvement is not significant.3. In the Probe Detection pattern, heroin abstinents’ function of shifting of attention in time for valid cues and that of shifting of attention in space for invalid cues improved significantly in the total healing period.4. In the Probe Detection pattern, the index of reaction time to the space probe signal was not sensitive to the improvement of participants’ function of shifting of attention in space in different healing phases, but the quantity of inhibition of return was the effective index to asses the improvement of participants’ function of shifting of attention in space in different healing phases.更多还原