雍正年间整顿吏治研究

【作者】 杨亚东；

【导师】 杨涛；

【作者基本信息】 云南师范大学 ， 中国古代史， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 吏治历来是统治者治理国家的重要任务之一，其好坏直接关系到民心的向背和政权的安危。清康熙皇帝曾采取一系列措施对吏治进行整肃，但是到了康熙末年，吏治却有每况愈下之势。康熙皇帝的继任者——雍正皇帝即位初期面临官吏贪污严重、官场陋规丛生，以及由吏治败坏引发的钱粮亏空严重、国家财政困难、政务懈弛、朋党纠集、阶级矛盾激化等一系列社会问题，封建统治面临严峻形势。 为挽救和巩固封建统治，雍正帝励精图治、锐意创新，对吏治进行大力整顿：首先是清查钱粮、惩治贪污、褒奖廉洁；其次是整顿官风、澄清吏治；第三是打击朋党势力；第四是火耗归公、实施“养廉银”制度。 经过雍正皇帝对吏治进行大刀阔斧的、持续不断的整顿，清代迎来了一个政治相对清明的短暂时期。雍正帝对吏治的整顿为“康熙盛世”向前延续起到了承前启后的作用，他的综合治理的特点使其在中国吏治改革史上独树一帜。但由于所处的特殊历史环境，整顿又具有强烈而又鲜明的封建性和专制性，是一次封建统治阶级的自救行动，不可能从根本上解决封建社会固有的吏治腐败问题。 雍正帝对吏治的整顿及其思想对我国今天的公务员制度改革和完善具有一定的启示作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Feudal officials’ behaviors had been one of the important tasks, which was of vital importance to people being for and against emperors. Emperor Kangxi had renovated behaviors of feudal officials with many measures, but at the end of Kangxi’s time, behaviors of feudal officials were worse and worse. So Yongzheng, the successor, faced a series of social problems such as corrupt of officials, financial deficit, lack of grain and cabals.In order to save and strengthen his power, emperor Yongzheng took some measures. Firstly, he checked grain and wealth and punished the corrupt of officials and praised and honored honest and clean officials. Secondly, he rectified behaviors of feudal officials. Thirdly, he worsened the power of the cabals. Fourthly, he set the policy that profit must be given to country.There was a relative peaceful and bright period in Qing dynasty after a series of measures. Emperor Yongzheng’s remedies prolonged "peaceful and bright time of emperor Kangxi" with unique characteristic, but his remedies was characterized by strong feudalism and autocracy and was behavior to save his power only, which can not solve problems of the country.Yongzheng’s thoughts are of current significance, so we can draw inspiration from them and take it in our reform of civil officials.更多还原