【作者】 姜光丽；

【导师】 周小秋；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文通过两个试验研究了大豆分离蛋白(SPI)和去皮豆粕(DSBM)两种蛋白源对10—35g幼建鲤体蛋白沉积率和消化道蛋白酶活力的影响。试验一为SPI对10—35g幼建鲤体蛋白沉积率和消化道蛋白酶活力的影响；试验二为DSBM对10—35g幼建鲤体蛋白沉积和消化道蛋白酶活力的影响。试验一选择体重为11.34±0.16g的健康建鲤720尾，平均分成五组，每组144尾，每组设3个重复，每个重复48尾。五个处理组分别为1-1、1-2、1-3、1-4和1-5，分别饲喂SPI蛋白代替鱼粉蛋白0、40、60、80和100％的试验饵料；试验二选择体重为10.29±0.10g的健康建鲤720尾，平均分成五组，每组144尾，每组设3个重复，每个重复48尾。五个处理组分别为2-1、2-2、2-3、2-4和2-5，分别饲喂DSBM蛋白代替鱼粉蛋白0、25、50、75和100％的饵料。试验期10周。 试验一结果表明：饵料中SPI蛋白代替鱼粉蛋白水平对幼建鲤肠重、肠长、前肠皱襞高度、蛋白质效率比(PER)、蛋白沉积效率(PPV)、肝胰脏重量、肝胰指数、肝胰脏中的胰蛋白酶、凝乳蛋白酶活力以及肠道中胰蛋白酶、凝乳蛋白酶活力影响极显著(P＜0.01)或显著(P＜0.05)，随着SPI蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白比例的增加，肠长、肠重和前肠皱襞高度、PPV、PER以及蛋白酶活力均极显著下降(P＜0.01)，肝胰指数显著升高(P＜0.05)，当SPI蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白比例超过60％时，蛋白质沉积效率极显著下降(P＜0.01)。胰脏中的胰蛋白酶比活力、凝乳蛋白酶比活力分别与饵料SPI蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白水平呈显著或极显著的负相关(r1=-0.9642，P＜0.01；r2=-0.9391，P＜0.05)，与胰蛋白酶抑制因子活性(TIA)呈显著或极显著的负相关(r1=-0.9675，P＜0.01：r2=-0.9422，P＜0.05)，与摄饵量呈正相关(r1=+0.8764，P＜0.05；r2=+0.8580，P＜0.10)。肠道中的胰蛋白酶比活力、凝乳蛋白酶比活力分别与饵料SPI蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白水平呈显著或极显著的负相关(r1=-0.9686，P＜0.01：r2=-0.9424，P＜0.05)，与胰蛋白酶抑制因子活性(TTA)呈显著的负相关(r1=-0.9536，P＜0.05：r2=-0.9471，P＜0.05)，与摄饵量呈正相关(r1=+0.9354，P＜0.05；r2=+0.8416，P＜0.10)。PER、PPV与饵料SPI蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白的水平呈显著或极显著的负相关(r1=-0.9761，P＜0.01；r2=-0.8906，P＜0.05)，与胰腺胰蛋白酶、凝乳蛋白酶比活力呈显著或极显著的正相关(PER：r1=+0.9790，P＜0.01：r2=+0.9521，P＜0.05；PPV：r1=+0.9078，P＜0.05；r2=+0.8130，P＜0.10)，与肠道胰蛋白酶、凝乳蛋白酶比活力呈正相关(PER：r1=+0.9766；P＜0.01；r2=+0.9658，P＜0.01；PPV：r1=+0.9044，P＜0.05：r2=+0.8130，P＜0.10)。 试验二结果表明：饵料中DSBM蛋白代替鱼粉蛋白比例对幼建鲤的蛋白质效率比(PER)、蛋白沉积效率(PPV)、肝胰指数、肝胰脏分泌的蛋白酶比活力以及肠道蛋白酶比活力影响显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)，随着代替水平增加，肠长、肠重和前肠皱襞高度、PPV以及蛋白酶活力均极显著下降(P＜0.01)，肝胰指数、PER显著下降(P＜0.05)，当DSBM代替鱼粉蛋白的比例达50％时，可以使幼建鲤的蛋白质沉积效率极显著降低(P<0 .01)。胰脏中的胰蛋白酶比活力、凝乳蛋白酶比活力均与饵料DSBM蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白水平呈极显著的负相关(rl=一0.9494，P<0 .01;r2二一0.9801，P<O.01)，与胰蛋白酶抑制因子活性(TIA)呈显著的负相关 (r1=一0.8927，P<O.05;r2=一0.8752，P<0.05)，与摄饵量呈显著的正相关(r一=+0.9467，P<0.05;rZ=+0.9061，P<0.05)。肠道中的胰蛋白酶、凝乳蛋白酶比活力分别与DSBM蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白水平呈极显著的负相关(r1二一0.9623，P<0 .01;r2=一0.9759，P<0.01)，与胰蛋白酶抑制因子活性(TIA)呈显著或极显著的负相关 (rl=一0.9593，P<0.01;rZ=一0.9341，P(0.05)，与摄饵量呈正相关(rl=+0.9346，P<O.05;r2=+0 .8247，P<O.1)。PER、PPV与DSBM蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白水平呈显著或极显著的负相关(rl=一0.9761，P<0.01;rZ=一0.8906，P<0.05)，与胰腺胰蛋白酶、凝乳蛋白酶比活力呈显著或极显著的正相关(PER:r1=均.9605，P<0 .01:r2二+0 .9693，P(0.01;PPV:rl=+0.9776，P<0.01;rZ=+0.9782，P<0.01)，与肠道胰蛋白酶、凝乳蛋白酶比活力呈显著或极显著的正相关(PER:r1二+0 .9403:P<0 .05;rZ=+0.9829，P<0.01;PPV:rl=+0.9578，P(0.05;rZ=+0.9909，P<0.01)。 结果说明:大豆分离蛋白和去皮豆粕两种大豆蛋白分别替代鱼粉蛋白后，均可以引起10一35克幼建鲤蛋白质沉积效率下降;同时也引起消化能力下降，肝胰脏和肠道等消化器官发育受阻、胰蛋白酶和凝乳蛋白酶的分泌量下降、胰蛋白酶和凝乳蛋白活力降低等是消化力下降的一些重要表现，也是引起饵料利用率和蛋白质沉积效率下降的一些重要原因:SPI和DSBM中胰蛋白酶抑制因子是引起幼建鲤肝胰脏发育异常、胰蛋白酶和凝乳蛋白酶分泌量下降、抑制胰蛋白酶和凝乳蛋白酶活力的重要因素之一:在总蛋白水平为33%的条件下，在10一359幼建鲤饵料中分离大豆蛋白和去皮豆粕蛋白代替白鱼粉蛋白的适宜比例分别为40%和25%。更多还原

【Abstract】 Two trials were conducted to study the effects of soybean protein isolate(SPI)and dehulled soyabean meal(DSBM) on protein retention and intestinal proteinase activity of juvenile Jian c&rv(cyprinus carpio Var. Jian) with body weight 10-35g. The effects of SPI and DSBM on the protein retention and intestinal proteinase activity of juvenile jian carp was studied in trial 1 and trial 2, respectively. In trial 1, 720 juvenile Jian carps with initial weight 11. 34?.16g were averagely allocated to 5 treatments with 3 replications , feeding diets with fish meal protein substituted by 0, 40, 60> 80 ft 100% SPI protein respectively. In trial 2, 720 juvenile Jian carps with initial weight 10.29+0. lOg were averagely allocated to 5 groups with 3 replications, feeding diets with fish meal protein respectively replaced by 0, 25> 50, 75 ft 100% DSBM protein.In trial 1,intestine weight, intestine length, height of proximal intestine folds, protein efficient ration(PER), productive protein value (ppv), hepatopancreas weight, epatopancreas index(HI), trypsin and chymotrypsin activity in hepatopancreas and intestine, were significantly affected by the dietary SPI level(p<0.05 or p<0.01). Intestine weight, intestine length, height of proximal intestinal folds , PPV, PER, and proteinase activity significantly decreased with the dietary SPI levels increasing(P<0.05), while HI, increased (P<0.05) .There was a significant reduced PPV in fishes given diets with fish meal protein substituted by SPI protein over 60%(p<0. 01). The trypsin and chymotrypsin activity in the hepatopancreas , were negatively correlated with SPI level (rl=-0. 9642, p<0. 01, r2=-0.9391, p<0.05), trypsin inhibitor activation(TIA)(rl=-0. 9675, p<0.01, r2=-0. 9422, p<0. 05), but postively correlated with feed intake (rl=+0. 8764, p<0. 05, r2=+0. 8580, p<0. 1). The intestinal trypsin and chymotrypsin specific activity were negatively correlated with SPI level(p<0. 05 or p<0. 01)and TIA(rl=-0. 9536, P<0. 05, r2=-0. 9471, P<0. 05), but positive correlated with feed intake too (rl=+0. 9354, P<0. 05; r2=+0. 8416, P<0.1). PER and PPV were negativelycorrelated with SPI level (rl=-0. 9761, p<0. 01;r2=-0. 8906, p<0. 05), and positive correlated with pancreas trypsin, chymotrypsin specific activity (PER:rl=+0. 9790, p<0. 01, r2=+0. 9521, p<0. 05. PPV:rl=+0. 9078, p<0. 05, r2=+0. 8130, p<0. 1), and intestinal trypsin and chymotrypsin specific activity (PER:rl=+0. 9766, p<0. 01, r2=+0. 9658, p<0. 01, PPV: rl=+0. 9044, p<0. 05, r2=+0.8130, p<0.1). There was also negative correlation between feed conversion(FCR) and PER, PPV (rl=-0. 9800, P<0. 01, r2=-0. 9170, P<0. 01 ).In trial 2, PER, PPV, HI, hepatopancreas-secreting proteinase, specific activity, and intestinal proteinase specific activity, were significantly affected by the dietary DSBM protein level (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). Intestine weight, intestine length, height of proximal intestinal folds , PPV , and proteinase activity significant decreased (p<0.01), HI , PER decreased significantly also(p<0. 05) with the dietary DSBM level increasing. There was a reduction in PPV when the fish meal protein was substituted by DSBM up to 50%( P<0. 01). Trypsin and chymotrypsin specific avtivity in hepatopancreas were negatively correlated with DSBM level(rl=-0. 9494 , P<0. 01 ; r2=-0. 9801, P<0. 01), TIA (rl=-0. 8927, P<0. 05 ; r2=-0.8752 , P<0. 05), but positive correltated significantly with feed intake (rl=+0. 9467, P<0. 05 ; r2=+0. 9061,P<0.05). Intestinal trypsin and chymotrypsin specific activity, were negatively correlated with DSMB respectively(rl=-0. 9623, P<0. 01; r2=-0. 9759, P<0. 01), TIA (rl=-0. 9593, P<0. 01; r2=-0.9341, P<0. 05) , but positive correlated with feed intake (rl=+0. 9346, P<0.05; r2=+0. 8247, P<0. 1). PER, PPV were negatively correlated DSMB ( rl=-0. 9761, P<0.01 ; r2=-0. 8906, P<0. 05 ) , but positive correlated with pancreas trypsin and chymotrypsin specific activity (PER: rl=+0. 9605, P<0. 01; r2=+0. 9693, P<0. 01; PPV: rl=+0. 9776, P<0. 01; r2=+0. 9782, P<0. 01), trypsin and chymot更多还原