【作者】 王小东；

【导师】 许维岸； 许再福； 黄焕华；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 森林是世界上最大的生态系统,林业是我国生态安全的基础,在可持续发展中发挥着重要作用。近年来森林病虫害不断地加重和蔓延,给生态环境、外贸出口和经济发展造成很大影响。在南方,特别是广东地区以松褐天牛 Monochamus alternatus Hope 危害为主。 由于不合理大量使用化学药剂,不仅效果甚微,还污染环境,杀伤天敌,形成恶性循环。全世界人们呼吁及社会发展需要,要求绿色安全的方法出现。生物防治方法显得更加重要,必将取代农药的主导地位,逐渐为人们所接受。 花绒坚甲 Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire)是大中型天牛等昆虫的重要天敌,对抑制这类害虫发生危害起着非常重要的作用。对于寄生松褐天牛的花绒坚甲,国内外相关的研究较少。本次研究发现,广东省松褐天牛上有花绒坚甲寄生,进而对花绒坚甲的生物学特性和种群动态进行了深入地研究,为今后很好地利用花绒坚甲控制松褐天牛的种群数量,为控制松材线虫病的传播与蔓延提供必要的理论基础与科学依据。 笔者从 2002 年 8 月～2004 年 5 月,对广东地区花绒坚甲的发生情况进行了系统地调查,对花绒坚甲的生物学特性、种群动态及其饲养方法进行了初步研究,主要研究内容及结果为: 1.初步掌握了花绒坚甲在广东省大体分布。花绒坚甲主要分布在广东地区马尾松 Pinus massoniana Lamb.林内,在林间花绒坚甲对松褐天牛幼虫和蛹有较高的寄生率。通过调查结果统计当马尾松受到松褐天牛危害较重时,花绒坚甲种群数量随之增长;在野外花绒坚甲对马尾松枯死木内松褐天牛上寄生率,单株最高寄生率可达 79.1%。 2.在广东省林业科学研究院实验室内对花绒坚甲的外部形态和种群动态等方面做了一系列研究。基本掌握了花绒坚甲在广东野外种群动态规律,野外花绒坚甲与松褐天牛的种群动态具有紧密的跟随关系,为今后花绒坚甲的繁殖饲养、保护利用和野外释放等提供科学依据。 3.对广东省花绒坚甲的生物学特性进行了深入地研究,通过测定得出了花绒坚甲幼虫、蛹和成虫等虫态的发育历期。幼虫期平均 5.3d,蛹期平均 26.4d,成虫寿命平均 200.5d。 4.利用黄粉甲 Tenebrio molito L.和赤梗天牛 Arhopalus unicolor (Gahan)等昆虫进行饲养,试验结果表明:花绒坚甲成虫食性较广,能以自身茧、 8<WP=10>山东农业大学硕士学位论文马尾松木屑、赤梗天牛和黄粉甲等为食物来源。其中松褐天牛幼虫和蛹是花绒坚甲的最好自然寄主,黄粉甲是花绒坚甲相对较适合的替代寄主,有关人工食料饲育研究有待进一步深入。 5.通过室内繁殖花绒坚甲的各种工具进行比较,得出较好方法是用养虫盒和养虫笼。用养虫盒饲养便于对花绒坚甲进行更仔细深入,也适合较大规模繁殖饲养;用养虫笼则会很好地模拟花绒坚甲的林间生活环境并可以快速大规模进行扩繁。更多还原

【Abstract】 Forest is the largest ecosystems in the world, which is the foundationof ecology security, and playing an important pole in continuable proceeding.Forest plant diseases and insect pests were aggravated and overspread these years,which had a great bad influence on environment, foreign trade and economydevelopment. In southern part of our country, especially in Guangdong ProvinceMonochamus alternatus Hope was the mainly endangered pest. For the irrational and a great lot usage of pesticide, the effect was not onlytiny, ibut also it contaminated entironment and kill and wound enemy, a viciouscircle was coming into being. With global people’s appealing and the requiring ofcommunity developing,green and safe methods required to appear. Biocontrolmethod played an important pole, which would replace pesticide’s dominantstatus, accepted gradually by people. Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) was a predominant natural enemy ofmedium and large size of pine longhorn beetle, Monochamus alternatus Hope,playing a very important role in the naturally controlling of the beetle. Thereports about Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) parasited on Monochamusalternatus Hope were rare in domestic and abroad. In Guangdong Province, wefound Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) parasited on Monochamus alternatusHope. So the research on the morphology, biology and ecology of Dastarcushelophoroides (Fairmaire) which parasited on the Monochamus alternatus Hopewould give us some ideas or suggestions on controlling the population ofMonochamus alternatus Hope, and preventing the spread and increase ofBursaphenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle by using Dastarcushelophoroides (Fairmaire). From August in 2002 to May in 2004, the authors had made a systematicsurvey on the presence of Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) in some area of 10<WP=12>山东农业大学硕士学位论文Guangdong Province, and given a primary research on the biology, ecology andutilization of the natural enemy, the main contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) The distribution of Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) in GuangdongProvince was gained. Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) mainly distributed inthe Pinus massoniana Lamb. tree forests, especially when the trees was seriouslydamaged by the Monochamus alternatus Hope, and under this condition thepopulation of Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) would increase rapidly. Insome area, the parasitic rate of Dastarcus helophoroides Fairmaire onMonochamus alternatus Hope could reach 79.1%. (2) Some systematic experiments on the morphology, biology andpopulation dynamics of Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) in the laboratory ofGuangdong Forest Research Institute were made, and the results would providesome scientific theory for the purpose of propagation indoors, and conservationand utilization outdoors. The population dynamics of Dastarcus helophoroides(Fairmaire) was surveyed in Guangdong Province. The results indicated that thepopulation functuations of Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) are depended onthe population density of Monochamus alternatus (Hope), which would providesome scientific basis for preventing and controlling Monochamus alternatusHope by using biological method. (3) Detailed research on the biology on Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) was made in Guangdong Province, including the developmentalperiod of larvae, pupae and adult. The developmental period of larvae and pupaeaveraged 5.3 days and 26.4 days, respectively. The life span of adult averaged200.5 days. (4) The Tenebrio molitor L. and Arhopalus unicolor (Gahan) could beserved as the substitute host instead of the Monochamus alternatus Hope for thepropogation of Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) indoors. The results showedthe food range of adult of Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) was wide. Itcould eat its own pupae, wood, Tenebrio moliter and Arhopalus unicolor (G更多还原