【作者】 李涛；

【导师】 王洪刚；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以二倍体粗山羊草(DD)与四倍体硬粒小麦(AABB)合成的双二倍体 Am6(AABBDD)为材料,对其主要性状特点、细胞学稳定性、白粉病和条锈病的抗性特点进行了分析,并与普通小麦济南 17 进行杂交,构建 F2分离群体,对白粉病和条锈病抗性基因进行了 SSR 标记分析。获得结果如下:1、利用形态学和细胞学相结合的方法,从双二倍体 Am6 自交后代中选育出 30 个种质系,它们在分蘖力、单株成穗数、抗病性、穗长等性状方面表现优异,在小麦遗传改良中具有利用价值。2、对 30 个种质系的花粉母细胞染色体构型特点和根尖细胞染色体进行分析,结果表明:多数种质系在细胞学上基本稳定,但在减数分裂第一中期有时仍能观察到一定频率的单价体和多价体,有 11 个株系的染色体数目为 40 条或 41 条,低于正常的 42 条理论值。30 个种质系的种子醇溶蛋白的分析结果发现,种子醇溶蛋白的图谱在不同种质系间存在差异,这既反映了各种质系遗传上的多态性差异,也反映了不同种质系谱带的特异性。据此可作为区分不同种质系的依据。3、利用农艺性状、细胞学稳定性较好的种质系 Am6-4 与济南 17 杂交构建 F2代分离群体,进行了抗白粉病基因、抗条锈病基因的遗传分析和分子标记定位。结果证明: (1)在白粉病田间自然发病情况下,济南 17 对白粉病表现高感,Am6-4 对白粉病高抗;在调查的 98 株 F2 群体中,有 70 株抗白粉病,28 株感染白粉病,经 X2检验符合 3:1 分离比例,抗白粉病基因为单显性基因;以 D 染色体组的 124 对微卫星标记对其进行 SSR 分析,其中有 68 个引物在两个亲本之间揭示出多态性差异,6 个引物在抗感池间扩增出差异带;引物 Xgdm98 在抗病池和抗病单株中均能够扩增出一条约 150bp 的特异带,该标记与抗白粉病基因间的遗传距离约为20.42±4.66cM,将 Am6-4 中的抗白粉病基因定位于 6D 染色体。 (2)利用条中 27、29、31 和水源 46 等条锈病混合菌种对 Am6-4、济南 17 以及 F2分离群体在田间接种鉴定条件下,Am6-4 高抗条锈,济 3<WP=7>李涛:小麦-粗山羊草双二倍体的性状遗传特点及其抗性基因的分子标记南 17 则对条锈表现感染;在其 F2群体中调查了 106 个单株,其中 78株表现抗病,28 株表现感病,经 X2检验符合 3:1 分离比例,条锈病抗性为单显性基因控制。利用 D 染色体组的 124 对 SSR 引物对 Am6-4 和济南 17 及其 F2分离群体进行分析,有 68 对引物在亲本间揭示出了多态性差异,其中 5 对引物能在抗感池间扩增出特异 DNA 产物,其中引物 Xgwm33 能在抗病 DNA 池和抗病单株中扩增出特异标记带,此标记与抗条锈病基因的遗传距离为 7.53±2.67cM,标记与条锈病抗性基因连锁较紧密。由于 Xgwm33 已被定位于 1D 染色体,因此,该条锈病抗性基因应位于 1D 染色体上。更多还原

【Abstract】 Agronomic traits investigation ,cytologic characteristic identification ,resistant investigation to powdery mildew and stripe rust have been carried out inAegilops tauschii(DD)-Triticam carthlicum(AABB) amphiploid(AABBDD). SSRwere employed to identify the resistance genes in F2 population crossed withAm6-4 and Jinan17. The results are showed as follows:1. 30 wheat lines selected from the posterity of Am6 have been investigatedand analysed,the result showes that the 30 lines have excellent exhibition intillers,spikes,resistance to powdery mildew and stripe rust,spike length,etc,they have important value in genetic improvement to common wheat.2. The result of analyse to chromosome configurations showes that the mostlines are stable in cytology,and some have univalent and multivalent, in 11lines number of chromosome is 40 or 41 .The critical result is anastomoticbetween chromosome at root tip cell and chromosome at PMC MⅠ.Theresult of A-PAGE showes that electropherogram of seed gliadins is different inevery germ plasm,and each has its specific band type, so A-PAGE candistinguish the different germ plasm. 3. Genetic analysis and molecular marker were employed to identified a new powdery mildew resistance gene and stripe rust resistance gene in a F2 progeny from the cross Am6-4×Jinan17. The results are showed as follows: Naturely Jinan17 is susceptible to powdery mildew,Am6-4 is resistant to powdery mildew;Among the F2 mapping population, 70 plants showed resistant to powdery mildew and 28 plants showed susceptible to powdery mildew; according to Mendel’s lows the trait of resistance was controlled by 5<WP=9>李涛:小麦-粗山羊草双二倍体的性状遗传特点及其抗性基因的分子标记a single dominant gene. 124 wheat microsatellite primer pairs from Dgenome were screened between the resistant parent and the susceptible parent.Sixty eight primers revealed polymorphism between the parents. And 6primers revealed polymorphism between resistant DNA pool and susceptibleDNA pool. The marker Xgwm98 from the chromosome 6D was found to belinked to the new powdery mildew resistance gene with a linkage distance20.42±4.66cM. The marker in the present study provides a starting point forfine mapping of this new powdery mildew resistance gene. Tiaozhong27,29,31,Shuiyuan46 etc are inoculated to AmphidiploidAm6-4 and F2 mapping population,Jinan17etc,the result showes that Am6-4contains resistance gene to stripe rust, Jinan17 is susceptible to stripe rust,and78 plants are resistant to stripe rust,28 plants are susceptible to stripe rust inF2 population. According to Mendel’s lows the trait of resistance wascontrolled by a single dominant gene. 124 wheat microsatellite primer pairsfrom D genome were screened between the resistant parent and thesusceptible parent. Sixty eight primers revealed polymorphism between theparents. And 5 primers revealed polymorphism between resistant DNA pooland susceptible DNA pool. The marker Xgdm33 from the chromosome 1Dwas found to be linked to the new stripe rust resistance gene with a linkagedistance 7.53±2.67cM.更多还原