【作者】 郑永明；

【导师】 刘春生；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 植物营养学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 含铜杀菌剂波尔多液是果园常用农药,由于使用年限长,频率高,从而导致果园中铜累积。盆栽试验以藤牧一号、红将军、嘎啦和松本锦为供试材料,研究外源铜对盆栽苹果幼树生长代谢的影响,探讨钙、铁对铜毒害缓解作用;田间试验对红将军、藤牧一号喷不同比例波尔多液、CuSO4、Fe-EDTA等处理,研究田间条件下外源铜对果树代谢的影响。以期为铜积累果园的品种选育、土壤修复及果树的合理栽培提供依据。主要研究结果如下:1.低量外源铜下,随施铜量的增加四个品种的苹果幼树新梢、胸径及生物量都有所增加,但超过一定的量会抑制生长,铜毒害的临界值有差异,松本锦最高,为251.79mg/kg。2.叶绿素含量及叶绿素a、b随处理铜量增加先升高后减小,变化基本相似。松本锦叶绿素总含量高,叶绿素a/b高且随铜量增加相对稳定,表明叶绿素稳定且组成合理,可以吸收较多的光能,耐铜性较强。3.铜浓度高时嘎啦、红将军和藤牧一号可溶性碳水化合物含量、硝酸还原酶活性下降,O2- 产生速率升高,细胞膜透性增加,受铜毒害程度大;松本锦仍维持较高的可溶性碳水化合物含量、硝酸还原酶活性、脯氨酸含量和较低的O2- 产生率,有利于提高抗铜力,细胞膜透性高的新生叶,发育为功能叶后透性下降,所以消除铜毒害的能力比较强。4.红将军CAT活力在高浓度时受抑制,与POD酶活性变化不同步甚至方向相反,CAT/POD显著下降;随施铜量增加松本锦、藤牧一号和嘎啦POD与CAT同步升高,CAT/POD基本上没有变化;同时松本锦的酶总活力最高,因此,松本锦消除过氧化物和H2O2等能力强。5.钙、铁能在一定程度上缓解铜对生长指标的影响,减少铜向地上部的运输,明显提高叶绿素a含量,减小叶绿素b含量,提高叶绿素a/b,提高碳水化合物含量,脯氨酸恢复到对照水平,使O2- 产生率、细胞膜透性下降,CAT/POD有很大程度的上升,以分解组织高浓度的H2O2等,控制在较低的水平上,但是多数指标仍差于对照。6.藤牧一号和红将军只喷CuSO4 可降低叶绿素含量,提高O2- 产生速率,但喷铁后不利影响消除。喷波尔多液对叶绿素、活性Cu、Ca有提高作用,活性铁含量不受影响,但全铁含量稍下降,铜含量比对照高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Frequent and long-term application of cupric fungicides (Bordeaux mixture) has contributed to accumulation of cu in orchards. The pot-planting experiment studied on the influence of the growth, metabolism of apple trees under different external copper levels. The field experiment studied on the character uptake and assimilation under field conditions by spraying Bordeaux mixture of different rate, CuSO4, Fe-EDTA etc..The aim is to provide evidence for selecting variety, amending soil and planting apple tree in Cu ammulated orchard.Researching results were as follows:The growth of new branches, chest diameter and biomass yields increased under low copper levels, but inhibited at higher levels.There is a difference in critical values, the highest ,in Matsumoto Nishiki, , is 251.79mg/kg/.Chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a, b content increase and then decrease with external copper levels.High chlorophyll content and chla/b in Matsumoto Nishiki shows that chlorophyll a is higher, chlorophyll is stable and feasible in constitutions.At high concentration external cu levels, the Carbohydrate content and NR decrease, O2- production rate and Cell electrolyte increase. But Matsumoto Nishiki have very high Carbohydrate, NR and Pro content and low O2- production rate, when new leaves in which cell electrolyte is high grows into old leaves ,the Cu toxicity can be released.At high concentration external cu levels, For Benishogon, CAT activity is improved at low concentration but inhibited at high concentration, and changes nonsynchronous and even inverse with POD activity.CAT/POD decreases apparently. With the increasing of external copper levels, the POD and CAT activity increase in synchronous,and CAT/POD is no obvious change basically.Moreover the total activity in Matsumoto Nishiki is most highest.So it has the ability to release O2- and H2O2 mostly. Ca and Fe can release the Cu toxicity on growth in different extent, decrease concentration of Cu in leaves and stems. Chla, Chla/b and carbohydrate content is increased obviously.Cell electrolyte and O2- production rate decrease. CAT/POD increases with a apparent extent, which can discompose high concentration O2- and H2O2.Spray CuSO4 on MaluspumilaMill.cv.TengmuNol and Benishogon can decrease Chlorophyll content and increase O2- production rate, but Fe can release these bad effects. Bordeaux mixture can improve Chlorophyll and active Cu and Ca content.But total Fe decreases slightly and active Fe is not affeted.Cu content increases with the external cu levels and is higher than control which shows that Ca can the toxicity affected by CuSO4.更多还原