【作者】 陶志勇；

【导师】 李福昌；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本课题研究了同一粗纤维水平下日粮不同NDF对断奶～2月龄和2～3月龄新西兰肉兔生产性能、营养物质利用、免疫及盲肠发酵的影响并进行了两个阶段各指标的比较。试验一选用80只体重相近的断奶～2月龄新西兰肉兔为试验兔,采用单因子分组试验设计,随机分成五组,每组16只,分别饲喂五种NDF水平的日粮,NDF水平分别设计为24%,27%,30%,33%,36%,粗纤维水平均设计为14%,其它营养成分均按NRC(1977)标准设计。试验结果如下:日粮NDF水平对试兔日增重、料重比、影响显著(p<0.05),随着NDF水平由24%增加到36%,日增重和料重比均呈现曲线变化趋势,日增重先增加后降低,料重比先降低后增加。试兔饲喂30%NDF水平时表现出最佳生长性能,日增重最高,为31.52g/d,料重比最低,为3.23:1。日粮NDF水平变化对试兔采食量没有显著影响(p>0.05)。日粮NDF水平对试兔营养物质消化率、N利用率影响显著(p<0.05),对粗纤维消化率影响极显著(p<0.01),除NDF外,各营养物质消化率随着NDF水平的增加而降低。日粮纤维对断奶～2月龄试兔盲肠发育影响显著(p<0.05),试兔盲肠占活体重的比例呈上升趋势。试兔的胸腺指数和脾脏指数呈上升趋势,以36%NDF组最高,分别为2.41g/kg,0.71g/kg,但五组间差异不显著(p>0.05)。盲肠pH值呈下降趋势,但差异不显著(p>0.05)。氨氮浓度也呈下降趋势,24%、27%NDF组与36%NDF组差异显著(p<0.05)。总VFA含量呈上升趋势,24%NDF和36%NDF组差异显著(p<0.05),分别为28.64mmol/g和51.92mmol/g 。VFA中,乙酸比例上升,丙酸、丁酸比例下降。日粮纤维增加能够极显著提高盲肠纤维素酶的活性(p<0.01),纤维素酶活性由13.79u/g提高到58.68u/g。日粮纤维水平对幼兔健康非常重要,本试验中,24%与27%NDF组腹泻率明显高于30%、33%、36%NDF组。综合以上结果来看,断奶～2月龄家兔NDF水平以30～33%为宜。试验二延续试验一进行,分组及日粮不变,至3月龄时结束。试验结果如下:试兔生长性能呈现出与试验一相同的趋势,日粮NDF水平对试兔日增重、料重比影响显著(p<0.05),随着NDF水平由24%增加到36%,日增重和料重比均呈现曲线变化趋势,日增重先增加后降低,料重比先降<WP=7>低后增加。试兔饲喂30%NDF水平时表现出最佳生长性能,日增重最高,为30.09g/d,料重比最低,为4.27:1。日粮NDF水平变化对试兔采食量没有显著影响(p>0.05),但采食量呈上升趋势。本期试兔的生产性能与试验一相比,日增重降低,采食量和料重比升高。日粮NDF水平对试兔营养物质消化率、N利用率影响显著(p<0.05),除NDF外,各营养物质消化率随着NDF水平的增加而降低。与试验一相比,营养物质的消化率有所降低。家兔屠宰率随着NDF水平的提高而降低,但差异不显著(p>0.05)。试兔盲肠占活体比重呈上升趋势,与2月龄相比盲肠重量有所提高,但比例基本没有变化。试兔的胸腺指数和脾脏指数呈上升趋势。以36%NDF组最高,分别为2.22g/kg,0.76g/kg,但五组间差异不显著(p>0.05),与2月龄相比免疫指数有所提高。盲肠pH值呈下降趋势,但差异不显著(p>0.05),pH值低于同组2月龄的数据。氨氮浓度也呈下降趋势,24%NDF与36%NDF组差异显著(p<0.05)。总VFA含量呈上升趋势,差异不显著(p>0.05)。VFA中,乙酸比例上升,丙酸、丁酸比例下降,这与试验一的趋势是一致的。日粮纤维能够极显著提高盲肠纤维素酶的活性(p<0.01),纤维素酶活性由17.33u/g提高到59.78u/g。试兔盲肠微生物数量随着NDF水平的提高而提高,差异不显著(p>0.05)。综合以上结果来看,2～3月龄家兔NDF水平以27～30%为宜。更多还原

【Abstract】 Effect of different NDF levels but equal CF levels on growth performance, nutrition utilization,immunology and caecum fermentation were investigated on New Zealand White rabbit. The total feeding course was divided into two stages.The earlier stage was from weaning to 2- month old and the later satge was from 2-month old to 3-month old. Then these results were compared between two kinds of stage.In exp.1,80 weaning to 2-month old New Zealand rabbit were randomly assigned to each of the 5 dietary groups,each group have 16 rabbits.Nutrient content of five kinds of experimental diets is resemble except NDF levels (24%,27%,30%,33%,36%). The result were followed : dietary NDF levels had significently influence on ADG、feed conversion rate(p<0.05),ADG and feed conversion rate were all curvilinear ,ADG accended first with the improvement of NDF levels ,then descended. feed conversion rate adverse.ADG in 30% NDF treatment was highest but feed conversion rate was lowest.which was 31.52g/d and 3.23:1 respectively.Dietary NDF levels had not significently influence on feed intake(p>0.05),but the feed intake was rising. Dietary NDF levels had significently influence on nutrient digestibilities and Nitrogen Utilazition(p<0.05)and CF(p<0.01), nutrient digestibilities except NDF were <WP=9>descend with the improvement of NDF levels.Dietary fiber levels had significently influence on caecum growth(p<0.05),the propotion of caecum in the body weight was ascended .thymus indices and spleen indices were all ascended, 36%NDF group was highest, they were 2.41g/kg and 0.71g/kg.36%NDF groups have no significently difference(p>0.05).caecum pH was ascended,but had no significently difference(p>0.05),NH3-N concentration was ascended also,24%,27% NDF groups had significently difference with 36% NDF group(p>0.05).The total VFA concentration was ascended,24%NDF group had significently difference with 36% NDF group(p>0.05),they were 28.64mmol/g和51.92mmol/g.The molar propotion of acetic acid content were increased and propionate,butyrate descended.The activity of cellulose enzyme was extreme significent(p<0.01),was from 13.79u/g to 58.68u/g.Dietary fibre is important to children rabbit,the laxness rate in 24% and 27% NDF groups were higher than 30%,33%,36% NDF groups in the experiment.In a word,the diet of 30%-33% NDF was suited to weaning to 2 month-old NZ rabbit.Exp.2 was continurous with exp.1,the groups and diets were originally. Experiment would end in 3-month old rabbit.The result were followed :The graph was similitude of growth with exp.1, dietary NDF levels had significently influence on ADG、feed conversion rate(p<0.05),ADG and feed conversion rate were all curvilinear ,ADG accended first with the improvement of NDF levels ,then descended. feed conversion rate adverse.ADG in 30% NDF treatment was highest but feed conversion rate was lowest.which was 30.09g/d and 4.27:1 respectively.Dietary NDF levels had not significently influence on feed intake(p>0.05),but the feed intake was rising.The growth performance in exp.2 compared with exp.1:ADG was decreased,FI and feed conversion rate were Dietary NDF levels had significently influence on nutrient digestibilities and Nitrogen Utilazition(p<0.05)and extreme signifiently influence in CF(p<0.01), nutrient digestibilities except NDF were descend with the increaed. improvement of NDF levels. Nutrient digestibilities <WP=10>in exp.2 were descended than in exp.1.The slaughter had no significently difference(p>0.05),it were descended with the improvement of NDF levels. the propotion of caecum in the body weight was ascended ,it’s weight were increased but the propotion were not variety.thymus indices and spleen indices were all ascended, 36%NDF group was highest, they were 2.22g/kg and 0.76g/kg.36%NDF groups have no significently difference(p>0.05),the value were increased than in 2-month old rabbits. caecum pH was ascended,but had no significently difference(p>0.05),pH were lower than 2-month old.NH3-N concentration was ascended also,24%NDF group had significently difference wit更多还原