速滑男子运动员500m弯道技术生物力学研究

【作者】 金睿；

【导师】 王小虹；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 运动人体科学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文运用影像测量与解析的方法，获取了目前世界优秀运动员弯道技术的运动学参数数据。在此基础上运用生物力学方法对世界优秀运动员弯道技术进行了研究，以明确速度滑冰弯道滑跑所具有的技术特征。同时尽可能从多角度对现代速滑弯道技术进行深入的研究，为综合评价速滑运动员的技术水平及指导训练实践提供理论依据。通过分析、研究得到以下结论：目前世界优秀运动员在弯道蹬冰过程中膝、踝关节并没有达到蹬伸的最大幅度，膝角多在150o—160o，踝角多在110o—120o。单支撑阶段向双支撑阶段过渡（浮动腿着冰）过程中，躯干角度有增大趋势；右双支撑阶段向单支撑阶段过渡（蹬冰腿离地）过程中，躯干角度有下降趋势；右腿蹬冰时重心刚好前移至支点的正上方，即重心与支点相垂直，而左腿则是在重心完全超越支点后一段时间才开始的蹬冰；右刀着冰向支撑脚前方下刀，左刀着冰向内侧前方跨出；动量变异系数小，动量转移效果好，反映了动作结构的合理性和能量利用的充分性；目前世界优秀运动员各环节的动量分配比例较以前均有较大幅度的提高；环节动量变异系数遵循着大环节动量变异系数小、小环节动量变异系数大的原则是较合理的。更多还原

【Abstract】 The paper adopts the method of image measurement and analysis to get kinematics parameter of the currently excellent athletes in the world. Then the paper applies biomechanics to study on the skills adopted by those excellent athletes in order to make it clear the necessary features of skills in curved-path speed skating. At the same time, more perspectives are wished to be involved in the study. In this way, the paper hopes to provide theoretical foundation for the evaluation of skill of those excellent athletes in curved-path speed skating and training instructions.Through the above analysis and studies, such conclusions are got: excellent athletes’ knees and ankles are not at the utmost. The angle of knees is around 150°-160° and the angle of ankles is around 110°-120°. In the process of moving from single-sustenance to double- sustenance, the angel of body tends to enlarge; in the process of moving from double-sustenance to single-sustenance, the angle of body tends to decrease; when the right leg is kicking on the ice, the center of gravity is just moved to the upper point of fulcrum, which means the center of gravity is vertical to fulcrum, while the left leg starts to kick on the ice when center of gravity completely surpass fulcrum; right knife touches the front ice of the supporting foot, the left knife touches the interior and front ice; small momentum variation coefficient and good effect of momentum move show the rationality of action and abundance of the use of energy; currently the percentage of the distribution of each link of excellent athletes is greatly improved; each link of momentum variation that follow the principle of big links, small momentum variation coefficient and small links, big momentum <WP=6>variation coefficient is rational.更多还原