五种木本植物颉颃盐逆境演化结构比较研究

【作者】 杨忠顺；

【导师】 陆静梅；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 植物学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 为了探究五种木本植物颉颃盐逆境的抗盐机理，本实验从抗盐解剖结构的角度着手，对采自不同生态环境的小青杨Populus pseudo-simonii Kitag、银白杨Populus alba L.、紫丁香Syringa oblata Lindl.、小叶丁香Syringa microphylla Diels和暴马丁香Suringa reticulata(Blume)Hara var.mandshurica(Maxim.)Hara进行了比较结构研究，旨在为选育更好的抗盐树种、用生物方法改良盐碱地提供更多的结构方面的理论基础。 本实验中盐渍生境的小青杨Populus pseudo-simonii Kitag、银白杨Populus alba L.、紫丁香Syringa oblata Lindl.、小叶丁香Syringa microphylla Diels均采自吉林白城试验地，中生环境的小青杨Populus pseudo-simonii Kitag、紫丁香Syringa oblata Lindl.和暴马丁香Suringa reticulata(Blume)Hara var. mandshurica(Maxim.)Hara采自东北师大校园，中生环境的银白杨采自吉林大学南岭校区，对这五种木本植物运用石蜡制片和二维光学显微技术，从茎表皮角质层、表皮毛、盐腺、皮层厚度、通气组织、含盐液泡包、簇晶体、分泌道、导管口径；叶表皮角质层厚度、盐腺、叶脉、栅栏组织、海绵组织；叶柄表皮角质层、厚角组织、薄壁组织、通气组织、维管束、导管口径等方面进行了比较研究。 试验结果表明：盐渍生境下的四种材料在以下各方面或某些方面表现出抗盐性：茎和叶柄的表皮角质层明显增厚、皮层中有分泌道、维管束导管孔径大；茎中皮层厚度小；叶和叶柄储水薄壁组织发达；叶栅栏组织比例大等。实验还发现，盐渍生境下小青杨的叶下表皮和紫丁香茎、叶表皮都演化出盐腺这一重要抗盐结构；小青杨和银白杨的叶柄演化出维管柱状的异型维管束这一特殊结构。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to research into the mechanism of resisting salt in five kinds of xylophyta under salt resistance, the relevant experiment was set about in terms of halo-tolerant anatomical structure. Researches on comparative structures were carried on Populus pseudo-simonii Kitag, Populus alba L.,Syringa oblata Lind1.,Syringa microphylla Diels and Suringa reticulata (Blume) Hara var. mandshurica (Maxim.) Hara, which were collected from different ecological environments, aiming to provide theoretical foundation for selecting salt-resisting tree breeds and improving salt and alkaline land by biological methods.All of the experiment materials come from Jilin province. Populus pseudo-simonii Kitag, Populus alba L., Syringa oblata Lindl.and Syringa microphylla Diels live in experimental field in Baicheng City, which belongs to salt environment; Populus pseudo-simonii Kitag, Syringa oblata Lindl.and Suringa reticulata (Blume) Hara var. mandshurica (Maxim.) Hara live in the campus of Northeast Normal University, which is in mesophytic habitat; Populus alba L. live in campus of Nanling Campus of Jilin University, which is also under the mesophytic habitat. Technology of paraffin slice-making and light microscopy was used in the comparative researches on these five kinds of xylophyta. The comparative structures in stems include epidermal cuticle, epidermal hairs, salt gland, cortex thickness, aerenchyma, saliferous vacuoplasts, crystal cluster, secretory canal, and vessel. Thecomparative items in leaves involve thickness of epidermal cuticle, saltgland, vein, palisade parenchyma, and spongy tissue. The items of petiole deal with epidermal cuticle, collenchyma, parenchyma, aerenchyma, vascular bundle, and vessel diameter, etc.The results of the experiment indicate that four kinds of materials under the salt environment possess salt-enduring structures on some or all of the following different aspects. The results are as follows: In the stem and petiole, cuticle thickness increases obviously; secretory canals are found in cortex; aperture of vessel is larger in vascular bundle; the cortex is thin in the stem; aqueous tissue is abundantly organized in the leaf and petiole; palisade parenchyma takes a larger proportion than spongy tissue in the mesophyll, etc. In addition, salt glands are observed on the under epidermis in the leaf of Populus pseudo-simonii Kitag and on the epidermis in the stem and leaf of Syringa oblata Lindl., and the same structure is found in the petioles of Populus pseudo-simonii Kitag and Populus alba L., which areboth special and important structures to resist the salt environment.更多还原