【作者】 李晓娟；

【导师】 王颋（新民）；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 中国古代史， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 作为有元一代著名的诗、画家，倪瓒一直是美术史学者所关注的对象。因而，学术界相继有一些相关的著作和文章问世。这些文章大都侧重从美术史的方面来研究，而从历史学的角度来专门讨论的，或者篇幅过少，或者深入不足。本文试图对倪瓒的生平、交游两个部分进行考察，以期弥补学术的不足。 本文分为上篇、中篇、下篇。上篇为倪瓒生平的论述。他的一生以“至正十五年”为断限分为两个时期。在前一个时期，富家子弟的倪瓒过着相对稳定的田园生活。后一个时期，为其“浪迹江湖”的时期。这一时期又以至正二十六年张士诚政权的灭亡分为两个小时段。前一时段，平江路地区相对稳定且割据浙西的张士诚能善待士人，倪瓒即旅居附近地区，与张士诚政权下的不少要人来往密切。后一时段，新王朝即明朝建立以后，倪瓒为躲避可能的迫害，颠沛流离，四处流浪。因而，他对明朝怀有“不予正视”的态度。倪瓒的遭遇正是元末明初社会政治、经济和文化变迁的反映。 中篇和下篇聚焦于倪瓒的交游，包括方外人士的张雨、历任官吏的张经以及在乡“隐居”的顾瑛、徐达左等。无独有偶，通过对以上这些人相关方面的透视，从中可以窥知以下的事实：借重于南宋以来的文化积淀和元代中叶的经济发展，由崇尚风雅的地方豪富或缙绅提供物质，由卓有声望的退闲吏宦或名士主持集会的方式来推动“民间”的诗文创作的开展和文物的收藏。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a famous poet and artist, Ni Zan has been paid many attentions to by the scholars working on the art history and a lot of works and articles concerning have been published. Most of those writings are made from the viewpoint of the art history, and those are discussed from the viewpoint of the social history lack in the contents or lucubration. In the thesis, the author is trying to study on Ni Zan through seeing about two parts of his life and his friends to make up to the academic blanks.The article has been divided into three chapters: the first one will express at greater length and in greater details Ni Zan’s lifetime that may be divided into two periods before or after 1355. During the first period, Ni Zan born in a rich family led in a comparatively stable pastoral life. He had been wandering all round during the last period consisting of two parts with the term limit of 1366 when Zhang Shicheng’s ruling was destroyed. Before 1366, moving to the vicinity of Pingjiang prefecture where it was much more peaceful than other areas, Ni Zan had got the close touch with the officials of the local government established by Zhang Shicheng who set up a separatist regime by force of arms and gave special treatment to scholar-bureaucrats. After 1366, Ni Zan drifted from place to place homeless and miserable in order to escape from possible persecution. So it could be supposed that he took a hostile attitude to the new dynasty. And Ni Zan’s suffering experiences were the reflection of politics, economy and culture during the period of the late Yuan and the early Ming.The other two chapters focused on Ni Zan’s friends among whom there were the Taoist Zhang Yu, the official Zhang Jing, the hermits in the countryside Gu Ying and Xu Dazuo. Scanning the relative objects in the abovementioned paragraghs, we can draw a conclusion as follows: Laying on the foundation of the cultural deposition since South Song and economic development since Middle Yuan, it had flourished in the literate productions’ composing and cultural relics’ collecting, with the materials provided by the native magnates and gentlemen and assembly presided by retired officials and literators.更多还原