【作者】 谢立民；

【导师】 林小涛；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 水生生物学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 柘林湾是广东省汕头市一个稳定性比较好的半封闭小型河口湾，面积68～70km~2，由于其避风条件良好，该湾水产养殖业发展迅速。不断增长的养殖规模导致了海湾富营养化和生态条件的恶化。笔者于2002年11月～2003年10月开展了对该湾水层、底泥的微生物(包括细菌、弧菌和异养菌数量)的周年生态调查，并测定了该海域的细菌生产力及NP营养盐等理化因子，探讨了细菌、细菌生产力与理化因子等之间的关系，以期为柘林湾海水养殖业的可持续发展及改善该湾的生态条件提供基础资料，并为该区水产养殖病害的预防提供基本的科学依据。 按照柘林湾养殖区的分布情况，设9个站位，于每月高潮期采样1次，现场测定部分水体理化指标，所采样品冷藏带回，用荧光显微镜计数细菌总数，倒平板法计数弧菌、异养菌总数。结果表明，该海区细菌时空分布变化明显，平面分布表现为河口区口网箱区口牡蛎区口湾外区；季节变化显著，表现为夏＞秋＞春＞冬。分析表明，细菌数量的分布与水温呈极显著的正相关关系(r=0.89124，p＜0.01)，与无机氮、磷等呈正相关关系；而与溶解氧(r=-0.66107，p＜0.01)呈显著的负相关关系。细菌生产力与细菌数量、水温呈正相关。弧菌与异养菌的比例为0.0195，意味着该湾水产养殖面临的病害胁迫比较严重。柘林湾的污染情况比较严重，其营养级已达到富营养化水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 Zhelin Bay with water area of 68km" is a stable and semi-obturate estuary of Shantou, Guangdong province. Since the lee of Zhelin Bay is good, mariculture increased rapidly there. The increase of mariculture resulted in the exacerbation of estuarial eutrophication incessant depravation of ecological status. From November in 2002 to October in 2003, the thesis investigated the spatial and temporal distribution of bacteria, vibrio bacteria&heterotrophic bacteria in water and sediment. The bacterial productivity and nutrient factors (DIN, PO43-P)were examined within Zhelin Bay. The thesis analyzed their ecological status and their variational trend in the future, and will ulteriorly give basic data for studying and formulating the strategies on continuing development and estuarial protection of mariaquaculture in Zhelin Bay. At the same time, this can provide more valuable information on how to prevent disease of mariaquaculture.Locale inverstigation of physical and chemical factors of water was carried out at nine station one time every month. Sampling was finished during high tide (?1.5hr)period . Take the sampling to the laboratory under low temperature circumstances, then, census the total numbers of bacteria by fluorescence microscope and vibrio by selection technique of plate cultivation. The results showed that the numbers of bacteria, vibrio were varying in the water and in sediment. Bacterial numbers in the large-scale filter-feeding marine fish culture and oyster culture were more than those in the outer bay. In addition, the seasonal variation of the bacteria was prominence, highest bacterial numbers occurred in summer,while lowest occurred in winter.The analyses showed that bacterial numbers were positive correlation with water temperature(r=0.89124, p<0.01), also the positive relation exited among the dissoved of nitrogen and phosphate. While bacterial numbers with the dissolved oxygen (r=-0.66107, p<0.01) was negative correlation. Correlations of bacterial productivity with bacterial numbers and temperature were positive. The rate of vibrio andheterotrophic bacteria is 0.0195. The water of Zhelin Bay was polluted seriously, and it reached the level of eutrophication or excess eutrophication.更多还原