【作者】 毛万国；

【导师】 李锡鹤；

【作者基本信息】 华东政法学院 ， 法律， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文研究目的旨在分析我国最高额抵押制度立法和认识中存在的几个主要问题,并在此基础上为我国最高额抵押制度的立法完善提出一些建议。本文主要采用了比较法研究方法,将外国法有关最高额抵押制度的理论和立法规则与我国最高额抵押制度理论、有关立法以及两个专家建议稿的有关规定进行了比较分析,分析得失,澄清一些认识,为我国最高额抵押制度完善提供借鉴和思路。本文除前言和结语外,共计七章。第一章考查了有关国家和地区对最高额抵押概念的界定以及该概念包含的不特定债权、最高限度额、特殊抵押三个基本要素的含义,分析了我国最高额抵押立法概念的不足。第二章阐述最高额抵押制度理论是以法国抵押权附随性和特定性理论为基础形成了德国式的和日本式的最高额抵押制度两个理论分支,中国借鉴了日本式的最高额抵押制度理论,但该理论在我国立法规定上存在不足。本文认为最高额抵押法律特征表现为最高额抵押权在附随性方面出现了成立、移转和消灭上的缓和,在特定性方面体现为担保不特定债权和预设最高限额。第三章分析了我国最高额抵押权设定方面存在的问题。立法没有就最高额抵押合同约定最高限度额、被担保债权的决算期事项作规定,没有就最高额抵押权的登记统一采用登记成立主义;在担保的债权种类资格范围方面采用了严格限制主义,而不是一般限制主义;在担保债权优先受偿的数量范围方面也没有规定。同时本文提出在企业财团和企业不特定财产上设定最高额抵押权的构想。第四章阐述了最高额抵押的变更与处分规则,分析我国立法的不足。第五、六章分别阐述了最<WP=4>高额抵押的确定制度和衡平制度,分析我国立法的缺失。第七章分析了我国最高额抵押制度的问题成因,即立法理论准备不足、立法指导思想上受宜粗不宜细观念的影响和立法借鉴不足。最后本文就我国最高额抵押制度的完善提出了建议:一、完善最高额抵押的立法概念。本人主张最高额抵押是指对于债权人一定范围的不特定债权预设最高限额,以抵押物担保之特殊抵押。二、进一步贯彻最高额抵押的附随性缓和理论,修改《担保法》第61条规定。三、完善最高额抵押的设定制度。1、在抵押合同约定方面,应将最高限度额规定为必须约定的事项,将担保债权的决算期规定为可约定事项,并将当事人约定决算期的自由作出限制;2、在登记方面应采登记成立主义;3、在担保的债权种类资格范围方面应采取一般限制主义;4、在优先受清偿债权的数量范围方面应将原本及其从债权合并计入最高限度额并受其限制,但抵押物的保全费用和实现抵押权的费用不得计入最高限度额内;5、应规定可以在企业财团和企业不特定财产上设定最高额抵押权。四、完善最高额抵押的变更和处分规则。应建立担保债权范围、最高限度额、债务人、决算期变更的规则;建立债权转让、免责的债务承担、第三人代为清偿、继承、合并的规则;应规定确定前最高额抵押权与被担保的债权的基础法律关系可以一并转让。五、建立最高额抵押的确定制度,对确定事由作出规定。六、建立最高额抵押的衡平制度。即对确定请求权、减额请求权、消灭请求权制度作出规定。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis analyzed several issues concerning the legislation and understanding of the system of maximum mortgage in China, aiming at providing suggestions for the perfection of the legislation of the maximum mortgage in our legal framework. Comparative study on the system of maximum mortgage was employed. Related theories and legislative rules about the maximum mortgage in foreign countries were compared with those in China. And two expert drafts on related rules were also compared. After analyzing failure and success in the implement of related system, some misunderstandings were clarified, so as to provide some approaches for the perfection of the system of maximum mortgage in China’s legal framework.Apart from the foreword and conclusion, the whole thesis consists of seven chapters. Chapter 1 evaluated the definition of the maximum mortgage and three factors contained therein, namely uncertain creditor’s right, maximum amount and special mortgage. The legislative insufficiency in definition of maximum mortgage in China was also analyzed. Chapter 2 expounded the theories on the system of maximum mortgage. Based <WP=6>on the theory on the mortgage in French, namely the theory on collateral nature and certainty of the mortgage, the system of maximum mortgage was evolved into two schools, namely the German Mode and the Japan Mode. China learnt from the Japan Mode, however there exist some defects in the legislation concerning the system of maximum mortgage in China. In this thesis, the author held that legal characteristics of the maximum mortgage were embodied by the alleviation of the formation, transfer and extinguishments in the collateral nature of maximum mortgage and by the uncertain creditor’s right and the preset maximum amount in the certainty nature of the maximum mortgage.Chapter 3 analyzed some existing problems in the provisions concerning maximum mortgage in China. In our legislation, there are no provisions on the ceiling amount in the agreement of maximum mortgage and no provisions on the period for the determination of the guaranteed creditor’s right. Formation against registration was not uniformly employed in the registration of the maximum mortgage. In respect of the range of the categories of the maximum mortgage, strict limitationism rather than general limitationism was applied. No provisions on the amount preferentially paid in respect of the guaranteed creditor’s right. The setting of maximum mortgage on the uncertain property corporate entity was proposed.Chapter 4 discussed the rules for the alteration and disposal of maximum mortgage. Some defects in the legislation on related rules were analyzed.Chapter 5 and chapter 6 described and analyzed the system for the ascertainment of the maximum mortgage and the equity system on the maximum mortgage, as well as some insufficiencies in legislation.Chapter 7 analyzed the causes of formation of the existing stipulations <WP=7>in our legal framework, namely, no adequate preparation in legislative theory, the legislative guidelines of generality superior to elaboration, and no sufficient borrowing from legal systems of other countries.In conclusion, some suggestions for the perfection of the system of maximum mortgage in our legal framework were given. Firstly, perfecting the legislative definition of the maximum mortgage. The author held that the maximum mortgage is a kind of special mortgage guaranteed by pawn aiming at uncertain amount of creditor’s right. Secondly, further implementing the alleviation theory on the collateral nature of the maximum mortgage and revising Article 61 of the Guarantee Law of China. Thirdly, perfecting the system for the setting of the maximum mortgage: (a) in respect of mortgage agreement, the maximum limitation amount should be provided as the compulsory issue, the closing period of the guaranteed creditor’s right should be the agreeable clause, and there should be limitations on the freedom of the parties when determining the closing period. (b) As for registration, the system of for更多还原