【作者】 史新娥；

【导师】 龚月生；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究通过化学成分分析、代谢试验、饲养试验和屠宰试验等四个试验对膨化肉粉（EMM）的营养价值进行了生物学评价并研究了其在肉仔鸡日粮中的应用，为膨化肉粉在肉仔鸡生产中的合理使用提供了理论依据。试验一：测定了膨化肉粉的常规营养成分和氨基酸含量。结果表明，膨化肉粉含干物质90.60%，粗蛋白质65.52%，粗脂肪5.10%，粗灰分19.20%，钙5.47%，磷0.17%，总能16.73MJ/kg，蛋白质溶解度3.16%，总氨基酸41.44%，必需氨基酸21.75%，膨化肉粉的第一限制性氨基酸为胱氨酸。表明膨化肉粉可以作为肉仔鸡的蛋白质来源，应用时应添加限制性氨基酸，比如胱氨酸、蛋氨酸等。试验二：本试验选用12只体重为2.42kg的艾维茵肉公鸡，分成两个组，每组3个重复，每重复2只，采用套算法测定膨化肉粉各养分代谢率及代谢能值。结果如下：膨化肉粉粗蛋白、粗脂肪、钙、磷以及能量的表观代谢率分别为：49.76%，59.78%，43.70%，26.38%，67.17%，表观代谢能为10.23MJ/kg，主要氨基酸表观代谢率如下：赖氨酸81.67%，蛋氨酸76.25%，胱氨酸75.81%，苏氨酸72.56%。膨化肉粉的17种氨基酸总表观代谢率为79.57%，低于进口鱼粉85.30%，主要氨基酸除胱氨酸高于鱼粉外，赖氨酸，蛋氨酸，苏氨酸均低于鱼粉，蛋氨酸、胱氨酸高于大豆粕，说明该膨化肉粉的蛋白质营养价值低于鱼粉而高于大豆粕。 试验三：饲养试验选用1日龄艾维茵公鸡96只随机分成4个处理，每个处理3个重复，每个重复8只。各处理分别给饲不含膨化肉粉的基础日粮和以1%、2%、3%膨化肉粉等量替代基础日粮鱼粉的日粮。结果表明：随日粮中膨化肉粉添加量的增加，对肉仔鸡的生产性能有一定的抑制作用。就采食量而言，试验前期，1%、2%EMM组与对照组差异不显著（P＞0.05），3%EMM组与对照组差异显著（P＜0.05）。试验后期和试验全期各试验组与对照组差异均不显著（P＞0.05）。 各期净增重和料肉比，各试验组与对照组均差异不显著（P＞0.05）。肉仔鸡日粮中，添加1%、2%EMM，与常规的玉米－豆粕型日粮相比，不仅不影响采食量、增重及料肉比等生产性能，而且可以降低饲料成本，增加经济效益。试验四：本试验通过饲养试验，探讨了膨化肉粉替代鱼粉可提高经济效益的同时，是否对肉仔鸡胴体组成与品质产生影响。在试验三结束后，从试验三每个重复组中选择健康、活泼、体重正常的2只鸡（一公一母）。屠宰后测定有关肉仔鸡胴体性能指标。试验结果表明：不同试验处理日粮对肉仔鸡的屠体率、半净堂率、全净堂率、胸肌率和腿肌率没有显著影响（P＞0.05）。膨化肉粉对肉仔鸡的胴体品质没有显著影响（P＞0.05）。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are four experiments which explained in this essay: nutritive composition analysis、 metabolizing experiment、 feeding experiment、slaughtering experiment. The main idea of these experiments were trying to evaluate the expanded meat meal（EMM） from many aspects of nutritive value, which can supply the theory of rational use of it in the feed of broiler chickens .Experiment Ⅰ: Applying the conventional analysis and pure nutritive composition analysis, determined the conventional nutritive composition of EMM, its content of amino acid and protein solubility（PS）, made clear its limited amino acid further more. The rate of their conventional components content respectively are: DM 90.60%, CP 65.52%, , EE 5.10%, CA 19.20%, Ca 5.47%, P 0.17%, GE 16.73MJ/kg, PS 3.16%; total amino acid (TAA) content is 41.44%, EAA content is 21.75%. The first limited amino acid in the EMM is Cys. The result show: the EMM may serve as protein feed of broiler chickens, but we must add the limited amino acids ,for example: Cys and Met. Experiment Ⅱ: 12 male Avian（AA） whose average weight is 2.42kg±0.18kg were randomly divided into 2 groups of 3 replicats each to determine the apparent nutrient metabolism rate (ATD) and the apparent metabolism energy(AME) of EMM, adopting traditional digestive rate calculating method. The main results were summarized as follows:The apparent metabolism rate (AMR) of EMM respectively are: CP 49.76%，EE 59.78%，Ca 43.70%，P 26.38％，E 67.17％.AME of EMM is 10.23 MJ/kg.. The AAAMR of Lys、Met、Cys and Thr respectively are: 81.67%, 76.25%, 75.81%, 72.56%.The AAAMRof TAA of EMM (79.57%)is lower than that of fish meal(FM)(85.30%). The AAAMR of Cys was higher than that of FM. The AAAMR of Cys and Thr were higher than that of soybean meal(SBM).The results showed that EMM had the lower nutritional value than FM，but higher than SBM. Experiment Ⅲ: 96 1-day-old male AA were allocated randomly to four treatments of three replicated each. Each treatment was fed one of four experimental diets containing 0、1%、2%、3% EMM. The results showed that the treatment in the higher supplemental proportion of EMM in diet inhibited the performance of broiler chickens.0~28-day-old, feed intake of 1%、2% EMM were lower than CK not significantly(P＞0.05); feed intake of 3% EMM were lower than CK significantly(P＜0.05）.29~49-day-old and 0~49-day-old, 1%,2%,3%EMM were lower than CK not significantly(P＞0.05). 0~28-day-old, 29~49-day-old and 0~49-day-old, gains and feed efficiency of 1%,2%,3% EMM were lower than CK not significantly(P＞0.05).The performance of broiler chickens was not significantly influenced by the diet additive 1%、 2% EMM compared with routine corn-soybean meal type basal diet (P＞0.05), but <WP=7>economica profits was increased by reducing feed costs. The result from this study showed that meat meal have good potential for use in broiler chickens.Experiment Ⅳ: This experiment was designed to compare the impact on carcass characteristic of broiler chickens. Two broiler chickens (fifty percent of male) were selected from the each replicates of Experiment Ⅲ (fifty percent of male). Determination of carcass characteristics was made after slaughtering. The results were as follows:The EMM didn’t have significant impact on carcass rate、 full disposed rate、 half disposed rate、 breast meat rate、 leg meat rate of broiler chicks (P＞0.05).更多还原