【作者】 惠竹梅；

【导师】 李华；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 果树学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以欧洲种（V.vinifera L）酿酒品种赤霞珠（Cabernet Sauvignon）为试材，在葡萄园行间种植白三叶草、紫花苜蓿、多年生黑麦草，以清耕为对照，通过田间试验和室内实验相结合等手段，研究了葡萄园行间生草对土壤养分、水分、理化性状，植株生长发育，葡萄园微气候，葡萄与葡萄酒品质等的影响。1. 葡萄园生草对土壤的作用葡萄园行间生草使土壤全N、全K平均含量升高，但对土壤全P含量影响不大；土壤碱解N、速效P和速效K平均含量均降低，其中多年生黑麦草区碱解N和速效K降低幅度最大，分别为16.68％和11.94％，紫花苜蓿和白三叶草区碱解N降幅较小；pH值和有机质含量升高，其中多年生黑麦草区有机质含量增幅最大，为13.34％。行间生草使土壤中微量元素Mn含量升高，Zn含量降低，处理间差异显著；对于Cu和Fe含量，行间种植紫花苜蓿使其升高，而白三叶草和多年生黑麦草使其升高或降低。行间生草能够改善葡萄园土壤物理性状，使土壤容重平均降低5.68％，总孔隙度提高6.15％，但各处理间差异不显著；同时生草降低土壤水分含量。总之，葡萄园行间生草覆盖禾本科多年生黑麦草有利于土壤有机质的提高，豆科植物白三叶草和紫花苜蓿有利于N的积累。紫花苜蓿对提高土壤养分的效应较为明显，而且对土壤水分影响较小。2. 行间生草对葡萄生长发育的影响葡萄园行间生草对赤霞珠葡萄物候期没有明显影响；但可降低赤霞珠葡萄萌芽率、果枝率、结果系数、座果率和产量；有效控制赤霞珠葡萄植株的生长势，使新梢生长量降低，主干基部加粗生长幅度减小，并降低根系密度，促进植株根系向深层土壤发展，有利于对水分和养分的吸收。行间生草使葡萄叶柄N、K、Ca含量均显著升高，处理间差异显著；P含量升高或降低；生草使叶柄Mg含量降低，三种生草处理间差异显著。对于叶柄中微量元素含量，各处理间差异显著。行间生草使叶柄微量元素Mn、B含量升高；对于Cu和Fe含量，多年生黑麦草区降低，而白三叶草和紫花苜蓿区升高或降低；紫花苜蓿区Zn含量降低，其余两种生草处理Zn含量则显著高于清耕区。总体来说，行间生草有利于植株大部分有效养分的相对提高，紫花苜蓿效应较明显。3. 行间生草对葡萄园微气候和光合作用的影响葡萄园行间生草可起到平稳地温、调节空气湿度的作用。在炎热季节，可降低地面最高温度5.7～7.3℃，降低地面温度日较差6.7～7.6℃，提高树冠空气温度日较差1.1～<WP=6>2.4℃，也可降低5cm、10cm、15cm和20cm土层的温度，有利于根系的生长。但在土壤严重缺水条件下，生草使叶片净光合速率和气孔导度降低，同时也使叶片蒸腾速率下降。4. 行间生草对葡萄与葡萄酒质量的影响行间生草使赤霞珠葡萄果实含糖量增加、含酸量降低；各处理酒精发酵进程及持续时间无明显差异；葡萄酒中花色素苷含量、单宁含量和pH值均有所升高，各处理花色苷含量和色度差异显著；单宁和总氮含量差异不显著，但NH4+－N含量有显著差异。生草处理的葡萄酒感官质量明显优于清耕。质量由高到低依次为：多年生黑麦草、紫花苜蓿、白三叶草和清耕（对照）。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wine grape cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon as experimental materials, through field and labtorary experiments, the effects of permanent green cover in vineyard inter-row with White Clover (Trifolium repens)，Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) on mineral nutrition in soil and leaf , soil moisture content, physical characteristics, vine growth and development, vineyard microclimate and leaf photosynthetic rate, quality of grape and wine were studied in Yangling, Shaanxi. With comparison of clean tillage, the results were as bellows:1 .The effect of green cover on soil in vineyardThe contents of total N and K in soil were increased whereas the total P had no significant changes. The alkaline hydrolysis N, available P and available K were decreased while the soil pH and organic matter were raised. Perennial Ryegrass reduced the alkaline hydrolysis N and available K in soil evidently by 16.68% and 11.94% compared with the other treatments. However, the soil organic matter was increased significantly with Perennial Ryegrass cover.Concerning the microelement in soil, the content of Mn was increased and Zn was decreased, the differences were significant between treatments. The contents of Cu and Fe were increased with Alfalfa cover and increased or decreased under the other two green covers. After planting grasses, soil physical characteristics were improved, soil bulk density decreased by 5.68% and soil porosity increased by 6.15%. While the soil moisture content of green cover was reduced obviously.In short, among the treatments of 3 kinds of grass, the vineyard was benefited from covering with Alfalfa and White Clover cover in N accumulating and Perennial Ryegrass in organic matter increasing. The treatment of Alfalfa increased soil nutrition significantly and affected soil moisture content less in the root system growth areas.2. The effect of green cover on vine growth and developmentThere were no significant differences in phenological phase of Cabernet Sauvignon <WP=8>between treatments, but the rate of bud germinating percentage, bearing shoot percentage, fruit set percentage, fruiting coefficient（bunch/shoot）of vines and yield of grape berry were reduced significantly. Growth of the vines were controlled efficiently and root densities were decreased，while the vine roots of green cover were stimulated to penetrate deep into the subsoil，it was benefit to vine roots in absorption water and mineral nutriton from soil. The contents of leaf nutrimental element, such as N、K、Ca、Mn、B, were all increased by 3 kinds of grass cover while the content of Mg was reduced. The rest measured nutrimental element were increased or decreased by different green cover. In conclusion, the most of leaf mineral nutrition has tendencies of improving by green covering. The treatment of Alfalfa was improved contents of leaf mineral nutrition evidently.3. The effect of green cover on vineyard microclimate and photosynthetic rateGreen cover in vineyard could moderate and minimize the daily fluctuation of temperature and adjust relative humidity. It declined the daily maximum temperature of soil surface 5.7～7.3℃ ,the daily range of soil surface temperature 6.7～7.6℃ in warm season, it also increased the daily range of air temperature 1.1～2.4℃, decreased the soil temperature of different depth. It was helpful to root growth and berry development. But the reduction in leaf net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were attributed to reduced soil moisture seriously with green cover.4. The effect of green cover on grape and wine qualityReducing sugar was higher, total acidity was lower, sugar acidity ratio was higher, in fruit from green cover compared with clean tillage, while Anthocyan, pH and tannin of wine were increased with green cover. There were no differences in duration of alcohol fermentation between treatments. The color density and tastes of wine were improved significantly under green covering.更多还原