【作者】 张丽娟；

【导师】 刘俊民；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业水土工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 流域是人类的摇篮和发祥地，自古以来，人类都在不断地开发利用河流水资源。人类改变流域原有的自然联系的同时，也破坏了流域天然系统，使流域面临着愈演愈烈的水生态环境危机和严重的水资源短缺问题，从而导致流域上游水质恶化，河流含沙量加大，中下游水库淤积严重。为保证人类生存处于健康的河流生态环境，需要对流域水资源进行合理规划和可持续性利用，将有限的水资源进行优化配置，联合调度，科学配水，使流域水利工程发挥其最大效益。论文系统地介绍了渭河流域水资源开发利用现状、主要存在的水资源问题，如用水紧张、河道来水萎缩、流域生态环境恶化等。详细分析了研究区的多年的来水资料，选取水量相近年份及最不利来水过程的年份为典型年。通过缩放典型年来水过程得出设计代表年的来水过程。为适应国民经济发展的需水要求，选取2000年为现状年，预测年为2010年、2020年、2030年。首先确定现状年的主要规划指标：规划水平年、工业产值增长率、万元产值需水量、工业用水重复利用率、城市人口平均增长率、城市人均综合生活用水量，再根据研究区的国民经济发展水平拟定相应的增长率，预测中远期水平年的规划指标。流域的需水预测主要包括生活需水（城镇生活需水和农村生活需水）、工业、农业灌溉、生态需水预测。利用面向对象的可视化语言，建立流域水资源优化系统，根据需水预测结果，对流域来水进行优化分配。以流域水资源可持续发展为基本原则，解决水资源的供求矛盾，文中拟定了两套供水方案：一是首先保证流域的环境生态用水，其次依据水法，满足城镇居民生活用水和工业生产用水，最后满足灌溉用水；二是首先满足城镇居民生活用水和工业生产用水，其次是灌溉用水，最后为流域生态用水。依据供水原则和来水、需水资料建立计算机模拟模型，在保证流域原有用户及其相应设计标准的前提下，求解流域水资源的最大可能利用量和满足用户的需水要求。流域间水资源优化系统开发了两套运行方案，即单库优化和系统联合调度。两方案的基本程序运行均是单库运行。系统联合调度时，只要用户在系统联合调度界面上输入流域调入和调出水量，系统自动计入来水需水序列，就可优化运行。系统运行结果显示，各灌区的主要缺水项目仍是以灌溉缺水为主，在湿润年份各流域的用水均可以达到较高满足率。冯家山水库在湿润年份每个水平年都有0.4亿多m3的弃水，在此来水频率下，实行冯家山水库向羊毛湾水库调水。联合调度后，羊毛湾灌区正常方案下，灌溉用水保证率从不到60%提高到90%多，生态方案下灌溉<WP=6>用水保证率也可以达到80%～90%，缺水量也减少了两倍多。工程联合调度不仅使水资源得到了充分地利用，也极大地缓和了用水矛盾。更多还原

【Abstract】 Watershed is birthplace of human being. For thousands of years, people have exploited river region all along. At the same time of changing watershed intrinsic natural relation, people destroyed its crude system. Watershed is faced with more and more serious crisis in water environment and water lack, which result in water quality worsened, more sandiness, reservoir silted. In order for healthy living space, human being need to layout water resources of river region in reason to make full use of water conservancy by optimal dispatching, distributing water reasonably.The paper discusses situation about water use in Weihe region and main problems, and analyses flow for years. It chooses typical year and educes representative years by zooming the flowing process of typical year.For fulfilling water requirement in development of country, the paper selects 2000 as status quo year, 2010, 2020 and 2030 as forecast years. The first is to confirm the main targets of status quo year. The next is to calculate water requirement, including water for living, industry, agriculture and environment.The paper utilizes visual programming language for object orientation method to set up optimal system, by which the consumer can optimally distribute water resources in river region. The paper establishes two schemes for water supply. One is ensuring the water for environment firstly, next for living and industry, the end for irrigation. The other is ensuring the water for living and industry, next for irrigation, the end for environment. Based all above, the author found visual simulation model to resolve the maximal water use.The model has two running programs, viz. single reservoir dynamic optimal dispatch and system united dynamic dispatch. The foundations of them are single reservoir circulating. During running the system united dynamic dispatch, the program can automatically calculate the data that the consumer inputs on the system dispatch interface.From the result the consumer can find the main water lack is lack of irrigation water and in humid year the degree of supply are higher to each requirement item. All show that the united dispatch can not only utilize water resources fully, but ease up the conflict of water use.更多还原